Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) C. Hopps
Request for Comments: 6213 L. Ginsberg
Category: Standards Track Cisco Systems
ISSN: 2070-1721 April 2011
IS-IS BFD-Enabled TLV
Abstract
This document describes a type-length-value (TLV) for use in the IS-
IS routing protocol that allows for the proper use of the
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) protocol. There exist
certain scenarios in which IS-IS will not react appropriately to a
BFD-detected forwarding plane failure without use of either this TLV
or some other method.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6213.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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RFC 6213 IS-IS BFD-Enabled TLV April 2011
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
1.1. Requirements Language ......................................2
2. The Problem .....................................................2
3. The Solution ....................................................3
3.1. State Definitions ..........................................3
3.2. Adjacency Establishment and Maintenance ....................4
3.3. Advertisement of Topology-Specific IS Neighbors ............4
4. Transition ......................................................4
5. Graceful Restart ................................................5
6. The BFD-Enabled TLV .............................................5
7. Security Considerations .........................................6
8. IANA Considerations .............................................6
9. Acknowledgements ................................................6
10. Normative References ...........................................7
1. Introduction
The Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) protocol [RFC5880] is a
protocol that allows for detection of a forwarding plane failure
between two routers. A router can use [RFC5880] to validate that a
peer router's forwarding ability is functioning.
One specific application of BFD as described in [RFC5882] is to
verify the forwarding ability of an IS-IS [RFC1195] router's
adjacencies; however, the method described in [RFC5882] does not
allow for certain failure scenarios. We will define a TLV that will
allow for proper response to the detection of all forwarding failures
where the use of BFD is employed with IS-IS.
1.1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. The Problem
We observe that, in order to allow for mixed use (i.e., some routers
running BFD and some not), [RFC5882] does not require a BFD session
be established prior to the establishment of an IS-IS adjacency.
Thus, if a router A has neighbors B and C, and B does not support
BFD, A would still form adjacencies with B and C, and it would only
establish a BFD session with C.
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RFC 6213 IS-IS BFD-Enabled TLV April 2011
The problem with this solution is that it assumes that the
transmission and receipt of IS-IS Hellos (IIHs) shares fate with
forwarded data packets. This is not a fair assumption to make given
that the primary use of BFD is to protect IPv4 (and IPv6) forwarding,
and IS-IS does not utilize IPv4 or IPv6 for sending or receiving its
hellos.
Thus, if we consider our previous example, and if C is currently
experiencing an IPv4 forwarding failure that allows for IIHs to be
sent and received, when A first starts (or restarts), A will assume
that C simply does not support BFD, will form an adjacency with C,
and may incorrectly forward IPv4 traffic through C.
3. The Solution
A simple solution to this problem is for an IS-IS router to advertise
that it has BFD enabled on a given interface. It can do this through
the inclusion of a TLV in its IIHs as described in this document.
When sending an IIH on a BFD enabled interface, a router that
supports this extension MUST include the BFD-enabled TLV in its IIH.
The contents of the TLV MUST indicate what topologies/protocols
[RFC5120] have been enabled for BFD by including the appropriate
Multi-Topology Identifier (MTID)/ Network Layer Protocol Identifier
(NLPID) pairs.
When sending an IIH on an interface on which BFD is NOT enabled, a
router MUST NOT include the BFD-enabled TLV.
3.1. State Definitions
The following definitions apply to each IS-IS neighbor:
For each locally supported MTID/NLPID pair, an
"ISIS_TOPO_NLPID_BFD_REQUIRED" variable is assigned. If BFD is
supported by both the local system and the neighbor of the MTID/
NLPID, this variable is set to "TRUE". Otherwise, the variable is
set to "FALSE".
For each locally supported MTID, an "ISIS_TOPO_BFD_REQUIRED" variable
is set to the logical "OR" of all "ISIS_TOPO_NLPID_BFD_REQUIRED"
variables associated with that MTID.
An "ISIS_BFD_REQUIRED" variable is set to the logical "AND" of all
"ISIS_TOPO_BFD_REQUIRED" variables.
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RFC 6213 IS-IS BFD-Enabled TLV April 2011
For each locally supported MTID/NLPID pair, an
"ISIS_TOPO_NLPID_STATE" variable is assigned. If
"ISIS_TOPO_NLPID_BFD_REQUIRED" is "TRUE", this variable follows the
BFD session state for that MTID/NLPID ("UP == TRUE"). Otherwise, the
variable is set to "TRUE".
For each locally supported topology (MTID), an "ISIS_TOPO_USEABLE"
variable is set to the logical "AND" of the set of
"ISIS_TOPO_NLPID_STATE" variables associated with that MTID.
An "ISIS_NEIGHBOR_USEABLE" variable is set to the logical "OR" of all
"ISIS_TOPO_USEABLE" variables.
3.2. Adjacency Establishment and Maintenance
Whenever "ISIS_BFD_REQUIRED" is "TRUE", the following extensions to
the rules for adjacency establishment and maintenance MUST apply:
o "ISIS_NEIGHBOR_USEABLE" MUST be "TRUE" before the adjacency can
transition from "INIT" to "UP" state.
o When the IS-IS adjacency is "UP" and "ISIS_NEIGHBOR_USEABLE"
becomes "FALSE", the IS-IS adjacency MUST transition to "DOWN".
o On a Point-to-Point circuit whenever "ISIS_NEIGHBOR_USEABLE" is
"FALSE", the Three-Way adjacency state MUST be set to "DOWN" in
the Point-to-Point Three-Way Adjacency TLV [RFC5303] in all
transmitted IIHs.
o On a LAN circuit whenever "ISIS_NEIGHBOR_USEABLE" is "FALSE", the
IS Neighbors TLV advertising the Media Access Control (MAC)
address of the neighbor MUST be omitted in all transmitted IIHs.
3.3. Advertisement of Topology-Specific IS Neighbors
The advertisement of a topology-specific IS neighbor (as well as the
use of the neighbor in the topology-specific decision process) is
determined by the value of "ISIS_TOPO_USEABLE" for each topology. If
"ISIS_TOPO_USEABLE" is "TRUE", then the topology-specific neighbor is
advertised. If "ISIS_TOPO_USEABLE" is "FALSE", then the topology-
specific neighbor is not advertised.
4. Transition
To allow for a non-disruptive transition to the use of BFD, some
amount of time should be allowed before bringing down an "UP"
adjacency on a BFD enabled interface when the value of
"ISIS_BFD_REQUIRED" becomes "TRUE" as a result of the introduction of
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RFC 6213 IS-IS BFD-Enabled TLV April 2011
the BFD TLV or the modification (by adding a new supported MTID/
NLPID) of an existing BFD TLV in a neighbor's IIH. A simple way to
do this is to not update the adjacency hold time when receiving such
an IIH from a neighbor with whom we have an "UP" adjacency until
"ISIS_NEIGHBOR_USEABLE" becomes "TRUE".
If the value of "ISIS_BFD_REQUIRED" becomes "FALSE" as a result of
the removal the BFD TLV or the modification (by removing a supported
MTID/NLPID) of an existing BFD TLV in a neighbor's IIH, then BFD
session establishment is no longer required to maintain the adjacency
or transition the adjacency to the "UP" state.
If a BFD session is administratively shut down [RFC5880] and the BFD
session state change impacts the value of "ISIS_NEIGHBOR_USEABLE",
then IS-IS SHOULD allow time for the corresponding MTID/NLPID to be
removed from the neighbor's BFD TLV by not updating the adjacency
hold time until "ISIS_BFD_REQUIRED" becomes "FALSE". Note that while
this allows a non-disruptive transition, it still enforces
consistency between the administrative state of the BFD session and
the MTID/NLPID(s) advertised in the BFD TLV. This is necessary to
provide consistent behavior regardless of whether the BFD AdminDown
state is introduced before or after an IS-IS adjacency "UP" state has
been achieved.
5. Graceful Restart
This section describes IS-IS implementation considerations when both
IS-IS graceful restart [RFC5306] and BFD are co-deployed.
In cases where BFD shares fate with the control plane, it can be
expected that BFD session failure may occur in conjunction with the
control-plane restart. In such cases, premature abort of IS-IS
graceful restart as a result of BFD session failure is undesirable.
Therefore, some mechanism to ignore the BFD session failure for a
limited period of time would be beneficial. The issue of the
interaction between graceful restart and BFD is described at length
in RFC 5882. The implementation of this interaction is outside the
scope of this document.
6. The BFD-Enabled TLV
The BFD-enabled TLV is formatted as shown below. The TLV SHALL only
be included in an IIH and only when BFD is enabled for one or more
supported MTID/protocols on the interface over which the IIH is being
sent. The NLPIDs encoded in the TLV are defined in [ISO9577].
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RFC 6213 IS-IS BFD-Enabled TLV April 2011
Type 148
Length # of octets in the value field (3 to 255)
Value 3 octets specifying the MTID/NLPID for each
topology/data protocol for which BFD support is enabled
No. of octets
+-----------------------+
|R|R|R|R| MTID | 2
+-----------------------+
| NLPID | 1
+-----------------------+
: :
: :
+-----------------------+
|R|R|R|R| MTID | 2
+-----------------------+
| NLPID | 1
+-----------------------+
7. Security Considerations
The TLV defined within this document describes an addition to the
IS-IS Hello protocol. Inappropriate use of this TLV could prevent an
IS-IS adjacency from forming or lead to failure to detect
bidirectional forwarding failures -- each of which is a form of
denial of service. However, a party who can manipulate the contents
of this TLV is already in a position to create such a denial of
service by disrupting IS-IS routing in other ways.
Note that the introduction of this TLV has no impact on the use/
non-use of authentication either by IS-IS or by BFD.
8. IANA Considerations
The following IS-IS TLV type is defined by this document.
Name Value IIH LSP SNP Purge
---------------------- ----- --- --- --- -----
BFD-Enabled TLV 148 y n n n
The IS-IS TLV Codepoint registry has been updated accordingly.
9. Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Jeffrey Haas, Matthew Jones, Dave Katz,
Jonathan Moon, Stefano Previdi, Mike Shand, Michael Shiplett, and
David Ward for various input on this document.
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RFC 6213 IS-IS BFD-Enabled TLV April 2011
10. Normative References
[ISO9577] International Organization for Standardization, "Protocol
identification in the network layer(ISO/IEC 9577)", ISO/
IEC 9577:1999, Fourth Edition, December 1999.
[RFC1195] Callon, R., "Use of OSI IS-IS for routing in TCP/IP and
dual environments", RFC 1195, December 1990.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC5120] Przygienda, T., Shen, N., and N. Sheth, "M-ISIS: Multi
Topology (MT) Routing in Intermediate System to
Intermediate Systems (IS-ISs)", RFC 5120, February 2008.
[RFC5303] Katz, D., Saluja, R., and D. Eastlake, "Three-Way
Handshake for IS-IS Point-to-Point Adjacencies", RFC 5303,
October 2008.
[RFC5306] Shand, M. and L. Ginsberg, "Restart Signaling for IS-IS",
RFC 5306, October 2008.
[RFC5880] Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(BFD)", RFC 5880, June 2010.
[RFC5882] Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Generic Application of
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)", RFC 5882,
June 2010.
Authors' Addresses
Christian E. Hopps
Cisco Systems
170 W. Tasman Dr.
San Jose, California 95134
USA
EMail: chopps@cisco.com
Les Ginsberg
Cisco Systems
510 McCarthy Blvd.
Milpitas, California 95035
USA
EMail: ginsberg@cisco.com
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