Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) EU, Tien-Shan, Siberia - Yakutia, N.Urals - Transcaucasia, Asia Minor, Middle East, Mongolia. See [maps] Apolo Apollo Niepylak apollo l'Apollon Apollo Apollo Apollofjäril

• Papilio apollo Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 465; TL: Sweden
• Parnassius apollo f. jocundula Stauder, 1924; Dt. ent. Zs. 1924: 17
• Parnassius apollo f. minuscula Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 312, pl. 62, f. 7; TL: Dourbes
• Parnassius apollo ab. novarae Oberthür, 1891; 7; TL: Silesia
• Parnassius apollo ab. perfusa Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 312, pl. 62, f. 10
• Parnassius apollo arvernensis f. planeixi Eisner, 1964; Zool. Meded. Leiden 40 (5): 26, pl. 1, f. 3-4
• Parnassius apollo f. sztrecnoensis posterior Peschke, 1921; Int. ent. Zs. 15 (5): 35

• Parnassius apollo adonais; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius apollo gadorensis; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius apollo regius; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius apollo transiliensis; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius apollo; [SPRK]; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83, pl. 3, f. 23-24; [BRU], 144; [BOW]: pl. 1, f. 6; [MRS], 198; [Otakar Kudrna]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 62; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Heiner Ziegler] ; [MBE] ; [SVF] ; [Mario Maier]
• Parnassius apollo f. perfusa; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• jocundula; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 17
• minuscula; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
• novarae; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
• planeixi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• posterior; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22

500x320 (~63Kb) upperside Mt. Canigou, Pyrenees Orientales, France 27/7/96, Photo © Simon Coombes	500x345 (~20Kb) upperside Sweden, Gotland, Hejnum, 23.7.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen	500x435 (~27Kb) underside Sweden, Gotland, Hejnum, 23.7.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen
600x360 (~53Kb) larva Finland, Parainen 669:23, 25.06.1985, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	640x480 (~88Kb) larva Sweden, Småland, ex. ovo, Photo 2000 © Hans Degler	640x480 (~88Kb) pupa Sweden, Småland, ex. ovo, Photo 2000 © Hans Degler
598x400 (~81Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	598x400 (~58Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch

Larva on Sedum telephium, S. album, S. rupestre, S. rosea [SPRK], Hylotelephium caucasicum, Sempervivum [BRU]

• P. a. apollo

  • carelius Bryk, 1911
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

  • Parnassius apollo apollo; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 233; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [iNaturalist]
• P. a. rhea (Poda, 1761)
• P. a. sibiricus Nordmann, 1851 E.Siberia

  • Doritis apollo var. sibirica Nordmann, 1851; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 24 (2): 423, pl. 11, f. 1
    • = Parnassius apollo hesebolus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius apollo sibiricus f. lunigera Fruhstorfer, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (18): 139; TL: Ili R.

  650x430 (~58Kb) ♀ A steep rocky slope of a mountain on the Kondoma River right bank at the raliway station Ushchel'ye 1 km N of village Kuzedeevo, the Gornaya Shoriya Upland (within the Kuznetskoe Upland), Novokuznetsk District, Kemerovo Province, West Siberia, Russia. 26th July 1996, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

  533x400 (~62Kb) larva A rocky south-exposed slope of the right board of the Berd' River valley 13 km SE of the village Novososedovo (on the elevation of Salairskii Kryazh), Iskitim District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. 10th May 1996 (A mature instar larva), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. a. hesebolus Nordmann, 1851 Transbaikalia, Yakutia

  • Doritis apollo var. hesebolus Nordmann, 1851; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 24 (2): 425
  • sojoticus Bryk, 1912
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

  • Parnassius apollo hesebolus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [SZMN]
• P. a. carpathicus Rebel & Rogenhofer, 1892

  • Parnassius apollo var. carpathicus Rebel & Rogenhofer, 1892; Jb. Wiener ent. Ver. 3: 61; TL: Hohe Tatra
  • Parnassius apollo var. transsylvanicus Schweitzer, 1912; Ent. Zs. 25 (48): 249
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

  • Parnassius apollo carpathicus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 241; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius apollo transylvanicus[sic, transsylvanicus]; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 241
• P. a. pyrenaica Harcourt-Bath, 1896

  • Parnassius apollo pyrenaica Harcourt-Bath, 1896; Entomologist 29: 331; TL: Pyrenees
  • Parnassius apollo pyrenaicus ab. semi-novarae Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 235

  • Parnassius apollo pyrenaica; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 235
  • semi-novarae; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 24
• P. a. provincialis Kheil, 1911

  • Parnassius apollo var. provincialis Kheil, 1911; Int. Ent. Zs. 5 (9): 61; TL: Mt Lachens, Provence

  • Parnassius apollo provincialis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 234

  640x480 (~82Kb) larva France, Mont Lachens, ex. ovo, Photo 2000 © Hans Degler

• P. a. nevadensis Oberthür

  • apollo nevadensis Oberthür; ; TL: Spain, Sierra Nevada

  • Parnassius apollo nevadensis; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83; [iNaturalist]
• P. a. sicilae Oberthür

  • apollo sicilae Oberthür; ; TL: Sicily

  • Parnassius apollo sicilae; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83
• P. a. geminus Stichel, 1907 Switzerland

  • Parnassius apollo geminus Stichel, 1907; Gross-Schmett. Erde 2: 24; TL: Grindelwald

  • Parnassius apollo geminus; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Ent. Zs. 24 (28): 156; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 238; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83
• P. a. bartholomaeus Stichel, 1899

  • Parnassius apollo bartholomaeus Stichel, 1899; Ins. Börse 16: 294; TL: Königsee

  • Parnassius apollo bartholomaeus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 239; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83
• P. a. graecus Ziegler, 1901 Bulgaria?

  • Parnassius apollo graecus Ziegler, 1901; Berl. Ent. Zs. 46 (1) (s.b.): (11)
  • Parnassius apollo omotimoius Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (8): 88; TL: Vitosch near Sofia, Bulgaria
    • = ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 14
  • Parnassius apollo yglanus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (8): 88; TL: Rila Planina, 1400m, Bulgaria
    • = Parnassius apollo rhodopensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 29
    • = ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 14
  • Parnassius apollo hermiston Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (8): 89; TL: Balkan, Schipkapass, ca. 1300m, Bulgaria
    • = ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 15
  • Parnassius apollo var. olympiacus Kolar & Rebel, 1934; Int. Ent. Zs. 28 (29): 368; TL: Kalyvia Vrissula, Olymp., 1300m [Greece]
    • = ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 15
  • Parnassius apollo thessalicus Bang-Haas, 1934; Ent. Zs. 48 (16): 128; TL: Greece, Thessalia, Litochoran, Olymp., 2100-2400m
    • = Parnassius apollo olympiacus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
    • = ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 15

  • Parnassius apollo graecus; [iNaturalist]
  • Parnassius apollo hermiston; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 15
  • Parnassius apollo olympiacus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21
  • Parnassius apollo omotimoius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21
  • hermiston; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 15
  • olympiacus; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 15
  • omotimoius; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 14
  • thessalicus; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 15
  • yglanus; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 14
• P. a. rhaeticus Fruhstorfer, 1906

  • Parnassius apollo rhaeticus Fruhstorfer, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (18): 139; TL: Engadin

  • Parnassius apollo rhaeticus; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Ent. Zs. 24 (28): 156; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 237; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 23
• P. a. valesiacus Fruhstorfer, 1906

  • Parnassius apollo valesiacus Fruhstorfer, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (18): 140; TL: Zermatt, ca. 600

  • Parnassius apollo valesiacus; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Ent. Zs. 24 (28): 156; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 237; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. a. democratus Krulikovsky, 1906 C.Europe

  • Parnassius apollo var. democratus Krulikovsky, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (7): 49
  • moscovitus Bryk & Eisner, 1938
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

  • Parnassius apollo democratus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 243; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [iNaturalist]
• P. a. alpherakyi Krulikovsky, 1906 Altai

  • Parnassius apollo var. alpherakyi Krulikovsky, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (7): 49; TL: Altai

  • Parnassius apollo alpherakyi; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 244; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [iNaturalist] ; [SZMN]

  1224x918 (~327Kb) ♂ upperside A large meadowy glade in a larch/birch forest on the Akkem River left bank terrace at the Kuzuyak brook mouth, Katunskii Range northern foot, Central Altai, Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 6th July 2007 (on Carum carvi), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

  1176x864 (~268Kb) ♂ underside A large meadowy glade in a larch/birch forest on the Akkem River left bank terrace at the Kuzuyak brook mouth, Katunskii Range northern foot, Central Altai, Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 6th July 2007 (on Carum carvi), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

  1197x875 (~349Kb) underside A long-fallow land on the Akkem River right bank terrace at the Oroktoi Brook mouth, Katunskii Range southern foot, Central [Russian] Altai Mts., Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 8th July 2007, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. a. limicola Stichel, 1906 Urals

  • Parnassius apollo limicola Stichel, 1906; Gross-Schmett. Erde 1: 25, pl. 12 b (repl. Parnassius apollo uralensis Oberthür, 1891)
  • Parnassius apollo var. uralensis Oberthür, 1891; (preocc.)
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

  • Parnassius apollo limicola; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 242; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. a. rubidus Fruhstorfer, 1906

  • Parnassius apollo rubidus Fruhstorfer, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (18): 137; TL: Eisacktal

  • Parnassius apollo rubidus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 240; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 23
• P. a. merzbacheri Fruhstorfer, 1906 N.Tian Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau

  • Parnassius apollo merzbacheri Fruhstorfer, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (18): 139 (nom. nov.); TL: Tian Shan
  • ?apollo mongolicus Staudinger, 1900
  • ?Parnassius apollo var. mongolica Staudinger, 1900; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 12 (2): 332; TL: Eeastern Tian Shan

  • ?Parnassius apollo mongolicus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 244

  533x400 (~66Kb) ♂ upperside A meadowy southern slope of the Tyshkan River valley, altitude of 2400 m, 38 km NEN of Zharkent, 13 km NEN of Sarybel', massif Tyshkantau, the Southern Dzhungarian Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), Zharkent District, Taldy-Kurgan region, SE Kazakhstan. 24th of July 1994, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

  755x483 (~51Kb) ♂ upperside A meadowy southern slope of the Tyshkan River valley, altitude of 2400 m, 38 km NEN of Zharkent, 13 km NEN of Sarybel', massif Tyshkantau, the Southern Dzhungarian Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), Zharkent District, Taldy-Kurgan region, SE Kazakhstan. 24th of July 1994, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

  732x476 (~41Kb) ♂ A meadowy southern slope of the Tyshkan River valley, altitude of 2400 m, 38 km NEN of Zharkent, 13 km NEN of Sarybel', massif Tyshkantau, the Southern Dzhungarian Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), Zharkent District, Taldy-Kurgan region, SE Kazakhstan. 24th of July 1994 (in spider web), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. a. finmarchicus Rothschild, 1908 N.Europe (Karelia)

  • Parnassius apollo finmarchicus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15: 390; TL: Helsingfors, Finland

  • Parnassius apollo finmarchicus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 243; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
• P. a. levantinus Rothschild, 1908

  • Parnassius apollo levantinus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15: 390; TL: Aintab, N.Syria

  • Parnassius apollo levantinus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 242; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 18
• P. a. kashtshenkoi Sheljuzhko, 1908 Caucasus Minor, Armenia

  • Parnassius apollo var. kashtshenkoi Sheljuzhko, 1908; Rev. russ. ent. 7 (4): 232; TL: Mt Ararat
    • = ?Parnassius apollo tkatshukovi; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius apollo tkatshukovi Sheljuzhko, 1935; Zs. Öst. EntVer. 20: 23; TL: Daratshitshag

  • Parnassius apollo tkatshukovi; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. a. cetius Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo cetius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (30): 161; TL: Wachau
  • Parnassius apollo cetius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 23 (34): 150; TL: Wachau

  • Parnassius apollo cetius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11
• P. a. maximilianus Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo r. maximilianus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 23 (34): 150

  • Parnassius apollo maximilianus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
• P. a. guadarramensis Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo guadarramensis Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 23 (34): 151; TL: Sierra de Guadarrama, N of Madrid

  • Parnassius apollo guadarramensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 15
• P. a. thiemo Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • apollo thiemo Fruhstorfer, 1909; 151

  • Parnassius apollo thiemo; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. a. luitpoldus Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo luitpoldus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (30): 161
• P. a. ancile Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo ancile Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (30): 161; TL: Fichtelgebirge, Berneck

  • Parnassius apollo ancile; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 239; Fruhstorfer, 1921, Soc. ent. 36 (4): 13
• P. a. escalerae Rothschild, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo escalerae Rothschild, 1909; 9; TL: San Ildefonso, Segovia, Spain

  • Parnassius apollo escalerae; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 236; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
• P. a. substitutus Rothschild, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo substitutus Rothschild, 1909; Novit. Zool. 16 (1): 10; TL: La Grave

  • Parnassius apollo substitutus; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Ent. Zs. 24 (28): 156; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 235; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 25
• P. a. leovigildus Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo leovigildus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 23 (34): 151; TL: Digne, Basses Alpes

  • Parnassius apollo leovigildus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 234

  640x480 (~93Kb) larva France, Montage de Lure, ex. ovo (2nd gen.), Photo 2000 © Hans Degler

• P. a. nivatus Fruhstorfer, 1906

  • Parnassius apollo nivatus Fruhstorfer, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (18): 138; TL: Mt Chasseral, Neuveville, Jura
  • Parnassius apollo nivatus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 23 (34): 151

  • Parnassius apollo nivatus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 238; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
• P. a. piedemontanus Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo r. piedemontanus Fruhstorfer, 1909; 158

  • Parnassius apollo piedemontanus; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Ent. Zs. 24 (28): 156; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 237; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
  • pedemontanus[sic, piedemontanus]; Turati, 1911, 4
• P. a. ottonius Fruhstorfer, 1909

  • Parnassius apollo ottonius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (30): 161; TL: "österreichischen Küstenlande.. Krain"
    • = Parnassius apollo rhea; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21
  • Parnassius apollo leimdoerfferi Bryk, 1935; Das Tierreich 65: 450; TL: "Fiume (Cirkvenica)" [Croatia, Rijeka, Crikvenica]
    • = ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 16

  • Parnassius apollo leimdoerfferi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 18
  • Parnassius apollo ottonius; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 240
  • leimdoerfferi; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 16
  • ottonius; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 13
• P. a. rhodopensis Markowitsch, 1910

  • apollo rhodopensis Markowitsch, 1910; 12; TL: Bulgaria, Rila Planina, Rhodopi Planina

  • Parnassius apollo rhodopensis; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83
• P. a. minerva Bang-Haas, 1910

  • Parnassius apollo minerva Bang-Haas, 1910; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 24 (3): 27; TL: Juldus

  • Parnassius apollo minerva; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 243; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. a. tarbagataica Verity, 1911

  • Parnassius apollo tarbagataica Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 307, pl. 54, f. 6; TL: Saour, Tarbagatai

  • Parnassius apollo tarbagataica; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 243
  • Parnassius apollo tarbagataicus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. a. valdieriensis Verity, 1911

  • Parnassius apollo valdieriensis Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 309, pl. 65, f. 15-16

  • Parnassius apollo valdieriensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. a. caucasicus Pagenstecher, 1912 Caucasus Major

  • adzharensis Sheljuzhko, 1924
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • ciscaucasicus Sheljuzhko, 1924
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius apollo v. suaneticus Arnold, 1909; Ent. Zs. 23 (36): 160; TL: Leila Valley
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • tindianus Bryk & Eisner, 1938
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

  • Parnassius apollo caucasicus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius apollo ciscaucasicus; [iNaturalist]
  • Parnassius apollo suaneticus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 242
• P. a. linnei Bryk, 1913

  • Parnassius apollo var. linnei Bryk, 1913; 34

  • Parnassius apollo linnei; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 18
• P. a. claudius Belling, 1915

  • Parnassius apollo claudius Belling, 1915; Dt. ent. Zs. 1915: 655

  • Parnassius apollo claudius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. a. phonolithi Bryk, 1915

  • Parnassius apollo var. phonolithi Bryk, 1915; Archiv Naturg. 80 A (7): 141

  • Parnassius apollo phonolithi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• P. a. generosus Fruhstorfer, 1920

  • Parnassius apollo generosus Fruhstorfer, 1920; Soc. ent. 35 (7): 28; TL: Tessin, Mt. Generosa

  • Parnassius apollo generosus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
• P. a. agyiens Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo agyiens Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (3): 29; TL: Ampezzo

  • Parnassius apollo agyiens; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 8
• P. a. victorialis Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo victorialis Fruhstorfer, 1921; 29

  • Parnassius apollo victorialis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. a. caloriferus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo caloriferus Fruhstorfer, 1921; 41; TL: Iselle

  • Parnassius apollo caloriferus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11
• P. a. pandolfus Fruhstorfer, 1922 N.Tirol

  • Parnassius apollo pandolfus Fruhstorfer, 1922; Ent. Rundschau 39 (2): 5; TL: "Allgäuer Alpen"
• P. a. adulanus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo adulanus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (4): 44; TL: Val Pontirone

  • Parnassius apollo adulanus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 8
• P. a. artemidor Fruhstorfer, 1921 Carpathians

  • Parnassius apollo artemidor Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (7): 78; TL: Carpathians

  • Parnassius apollo artemidor; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 9
• P. a. jelicus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo jelicus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (8): 87; TL: Serbien, Jelicapass

  • Parnassius apollo jelicus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 17
  • jelicus; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 14
• P. a. chrysophorus Fruhstorfer, 1921 S.Pyrenees

  • Parnassius apollo chrysophorus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Anz. 1 (6): 66; TL: S.Pyrenees

  • Parnassius apollo chrysophorus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. a. debilis Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo debilis Fruhstorfer, 1921; 114

  • Parnassius apollo debilis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. a. venaissinus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo venaissinus Fruhstorfer, 1921; 114

  • Parnassius apollo venaissinus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. a. heliophilus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo heliophilus Fruhstorfer, 1921; 53

  • Parnassius apollo heliophilus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
• P. a. phrynius Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo phrynius Fruhstorfer, 1921; 30, f. 3

  • Parnassius apollo phrynius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• P. a. posthumus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo posthumus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Soc. ent. 36 (4): 13; TL: Burk, Reuss im Saaletal

  • Parnassius apollo posthumus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• P. a. rebelianus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo rebelianus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Soc. ent. 36 (4): 13
• P. a. sicinius Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius apollo sicinius Fruhstorfer, 1921; Soc. ent. 36 (4): 14

  • Parnassius apollo sicinius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 24
• ?P. a. marcomanus Kammel, 1919

  • Parnassius apollo marcomanus; Fruhstorfer, 1921, Soc. ent. 36 (4): 14
• P. a. juvanus Kolar, 1922

  • Parnassius apollo r. juvanus Kolar, 1922; Ent. Anz. 2: 42

  • Parnassius apollo juvanus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 17
• P. a. noricanus Kolar, 1922

  • Parnassius apollo r. noricanus Kolar, 1922; 42

  • Parnassius apollo noricanus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
• P. a. helias Fruhstorfer, 1923

  • Parnassius apollo helias Fruhstorfer, 1923; Ent. Anz. 3 (5): 55

  • Parnassius apollo helias; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
• P. a. sotirion Fruhstorfer, 1923

  • Parnassius apollo sotirion Fruhstorfer, 1923; Ent. Anz. 3 (5): 56

  • Parnassius apollo sotirion; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 25
• P. a. tenebrosus Fruhstorfer, 1923

  • Parnassius apollo tenebrosus Fruhstorfer, 1923; Ent. Anz. 3 (5): 56

  • Parnassius apollo tenebrosus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
• P. a. xerophilus Fruhstorfer, 1923

  • Parnassius apollo xerophilus Fruhstorfer, 1923; 58

  • Parnassius apollo xerophilus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 29
• P. a. rosenius Fruhstorfer, 1923 Carpathians
• P. a. ladinus Belling, 1923

  • Parnassius apollo ladinus Belling, 1923; Dt. ent. Zs. 1923: (287-290)
• P. a. venustus Belling, 1923

  • Parnassius apollo venustus Belling, 1923; Dt. ent. Zs. 1923: (287-290)
• P. a. meinhardi Sheljuzhko, 1924 N.Kazakhstan, W.Siberia

  • Parnassius apollo meinhardi Sheljuzhko, 1924; Zs. öst. EntVer. 9: 57
    • = Parnassius apollo alpherakyi; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

  • Parnassius apollo meinhardi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
• P. a. kricheldorffi Eisner, 1928

  • Parnassius apollo kricheldorffi Eisner, 1928; Int. ent. Zs. 22: 309, f. 1-2

  • Parnassius apollo kricheldorffi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 17
• P. a. vindobonensis Bollow, 1929

  • Parnassius apollo vindobonensis Bollow, 1929; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde (Suppl. 1): 57

  • Parnassius apollo vindobonensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. a. tauricus Bryk & Eisner, 1930

  • Parnassius apollo tauricus Bryk & Eisner, 1930; Parnassiana 1 (4): 2, pl. 1, f. 1-4

  • Parnassius apollo tauricus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
• P. a. liptauensis Peschke & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius apollo liptauensis Peschke & Eisner, 1932; Int. ent. Zs. 26: 249

  • Parnassius apollo liptauensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 18
• P. a. navasi Bryk, 1934

  • Parnassius apollo navasi Bryk, 1934; Parnassiana 3: 28

  • Parnassius apollo navasi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
• P. a. buehleri Eisner, 1956

  • Parnassius apollo buehleri Eisner, 1956; Zool. Meded. Leiden 34 (10): 157, pl. 1, f. 1-2

  • Parnassius apollo buehleri; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11
• P. a. transitoria Eisner, 1958

  • Parnassius apollo transitoria Eisner, 1958; Zool. Meded. Leiden 36 (2): 26

  • Parnassius apollo transitoria; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. a. transiliens Eisner, 1966

  • apollo transiliens Eisner, 1966; Zool. Meded. Leiden 41 (12): 191

  • Parnassius apollo transiliens; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. a. oravensis Eisner & Zelny, 1969

  • Parnassius apollo oravensis Eisner & Zelny, 1969; Zool. Meded. Leiden 44 (7): 112, pl. 3, f. 1-4

  • Parnassius apollo oravensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21
• P. a. khotanensis Okano
• P. a. zaissanensis Korb, 2005

  • Parnassius apollo zaissanensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

Parnassius nomion Fischer de Waldheim, 1823 Urals, Altai, S.Siberia - Ussuri, Amur, Mongolia, China, Korea. See [maps]

• Parnassius nomion Fischer de Waldheim, 1823; Entom. Imp. ross., 2: 242; TL: "Dauria"
• Parnassius nomion ab. bipupilata Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 267
• Parnassius nomion ab. bipicta Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 267
• Parnassius nomion ab. octoginta Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 267, pl. 6, f. 2
• Parnassius nomion ternejana Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 268, pl. 6, f. 3-4

• Parnassius (Parnassius) nomion; [RFEL]
• Parnassius nomion; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 2 [for Alaska missid.?]; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83, pl. 3, f. 17-18; [BRU], 143; [MRS], 196; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

510x390 (~45Kb) upperside The Koksu River left bank 2 km upstream of its junctin with the Argut River, Central Altai Mountains, West Siberia, Russia. July 1988 (sitting on Spiraea chamaedryfolia), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	800x600 (~105Kb) ♂ upperside Spiraea salicifolia L. bushes on the Onon River right bank floodland just below a high steppen terrace, 5 km upstream of the village Nizhnii Tsasuchei, Onon District, Chita Province, Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia, 16th July 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	533x400 (~42Kb) ♂ underside Spiraea salicifolia L. bushes on the Onon River right bank floodland just below a high steppen terrace, 5 km upstream of the village Nizhnii Tsasuchei, Onon District, Chita Province, Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia, 16th July 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
800x600 (~117Kb) larva A meadow steppe on a moderate elevation Adon-Chelon at the mountain Tsagan-Obo, 10 km NNW of the village Tasyrkhoi, SE Chita Province (Dahuria), Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia, 20th June 1995 (The last instar larva near its foodplant Sedum aizoon L.), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Sedum , Orostachys [BRU]

• P. n. nomion Transbaikalia

  • Parnassius nomion nomion; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 247; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [RFEL]
• P. n. dis Grum-Grshimailo, 1890 E.Sayan Mts

  • Parnassius nomion var. dis Grum-Grshimailo, 1890; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 174

  • Parnassius nomion dis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 13; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. n. nomius Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

  • Parnassius nomion var. nomius Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4): 445; TL: Kuku-Nor, Amdo and Dschachar Mts

  • Parnassius nomion nomius; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 248; [MRS], 196
• P. n. mandschuriae Oberthür, 1891 Ussuri

  • Parnassius nomion f. geogr. mandschuriae Oberthür, 1891; Étud. d'Ent. 14: 2, 16, 19, pl. 2, f. 10; TL: Machuria

  • Parnassius nomion mandschuriae; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 247; [MRS], 196; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius nomion manshuriae[sic, mandschuriae]; [RFEL]
• P. n. nominulus Staudinger, [1895] Tuva

  • Parnassius nomion var. nominulus Staudinger, [1895]; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2): 241; TL: East Sajan

  • Parnassius nomion nominulus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 247
• P. n. titan Fruhstorfer, 1904

  • Parnassius nomion titan Fruhstorfer, 1904; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 308; TL: Sutschan, N of Afghanistan

  • Parnassius nomion titan; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. n. theagenes Fruhstorfer

  • Parnassius nomion theagenes; [MRS], 196
• P. n. chosensis Matsumura, 1927 Korea

  • Parnassius nomion chosensis Matsumura, 1927; Insecta Matsumurana 1 (4): 162, pl. 5, f. 1; TL: Korea
• P. n. tschiliensis Bang-Haas, 1927

  • Parnassius nomion tschiliensis Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 15, pl. 2, f. 1-2

  • Parnassius nomion tschiliensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. n. richthofeni Bang-Haas, 1927

  • Parnassius nomion richthofeni Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 16, pl. 2, f. 7

  • Parnassius nomion richthofeni; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 23; [MRS], 196
• P. n. sinensis Bang-Haas, 1927

  • Parnassius nomion sinensis Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 16, pl. 2, f. 5-6; TL: Kansu

  • Parnassius nomion sinensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 25
• P. n. peilingschani Bang-Haas, 1932

  • Parnassius nomion peilingschani Bang-Haas, 1932; Ent. Zs. 46: 200; TL: Kansu, Peiling shan

  • Parnassius nomion peilingschani; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21
• P. n. chingamensis Bryk & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius nomion chingamensis Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 26; TL: Buchatu, Gudschal-Tal, Chingan

  • Parnassius nomion chingamensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11
  • Parnassius nomion chinganensis[sic, chingamensis]; Eisner, 1955, Zool. Meded. Leiden 33 (21): 203
• P. n. minchani Bryk & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius nomion minchani Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 26

  • Parnassius nomion minchani; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
  • Parnassius nomion minschani[sic, minchani]; Bryk & Eisner, 1932, 42
• P. n. tsinlingensis Bryk & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius nomion tsinlingensis Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 26

  • Parnassius nomion tsinlingensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27; [MRS], 196
• P. n. aurora Bang-Haas, 1933 Amur

  • Parnassius nomion aurora Bang-Haas, 1933; Ent. Zs. 46: 261

  • Parnassius nomion aurora; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 9
• P. n. taschishani Bang-Haas, 1933

  • Parnassius nomion taschishani Bang-Haas, 1933; Ent. Zs. 46: 262

  • Parnassius nomion taschishani; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
• P. n. gabrieli Bryk, 1934

  • Parnassius nomion gabrieli Bryk, 1934; Parnassiana 3: 28; TL: Burchan-Budda, Chatu

  • Parnassius nomion gabrieli; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14; [MRS], 196
• P. n. liupinschani Bang-Haas, 1934 Shensi

  • Parnassius nomion liupinschani Bang-Haas, 1934; Ent. Zs. 48 (1): 7; TL: Shensi

  • Parnassius nomion liupinschani; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 18
• P. n. shekouensis Bang-Haas, 1934

  • Parnassius nomion shekouensis Bang-Haas, 1934; Ent. Zs. 48 (1): 7

  • Parnassius nomion shekouensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 24
• P. n. oberthuerianus Bryk

  • Parnassius nomion oberthuerianus; [MRS], 196
• P. n. alini Bryk & Eisner, 1937

  • Parnassius nomion alini Bryk & Eisner, 1937; Parnassiana 5: 12; TL: Maoreschan, Mandschurei

  • Parnassius nomion alini; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 8
• P. n. epaphoides Bryk & Eisner, 1937 Kansu

  • Parnassius nomion epaphoides Bryk & Eisner, 1937; Parnassiana 5: 23; TL: Kansu, Richthofen Mts.

  • Parnassius nomion epaphoides; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 13
• P. n. minschani Bryk & Eisner

  • Parnassius nomion minschani; [MRS], 196
• P. n. badius Bang-Haas, 1938 Kansu

  • Parnassius nomion badius Bang-Haas, 1938; Parnassiana 6: 21; TL: Kansu

  • Parnassius nomion badius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 9
• P. n. koshoensis Eisner, 1939

  • Parnassius nomion koshoensis Eisner, 1939; Parnassiana 6: 39

  • Parnassius nomion koshoensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 17
• P. n. shansiensis Eisner

  • Parnassius nomion shansiensis; [MRS], 196
• P. n. culutensis Eisner & Krusek, 1983

  • Parnassius nomion culutensis Eisner & Krusek, 1983; Zool. Meded. 57 (3): 27; TL: 150km S of Ulan Bator
• P. n. korshunovi Kreuzberg & Pljushch, 1992 Altai, W.Sayan, Urals

  • Parnassius nomion korshunovi; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [iNaturalist]

  600x600 (~112Kb) ♂ upperside A meadowy steppe on a southern slope of the East Tannu-Ola mountain range, the Shivilig-Khem River, S Tuva, 17th July 1990, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. n. chingizkhan Churkin, 2003 Mongolia

  • Parnassius nomion chingizkhan Churkin, 2003; Helios 4: (160-178); TL: Mongolia, Bayanhongor aimak, Khangai Mts, 45km N Bayan-Knohgor, Tuin-gol R., 2200-2500m
• P. n. saldaitisi Churkin, 2005

  • Parnassius nomion saldaitisi Churkin, 2005; Helios 6: (39-46)

  • Parnassius nomion saldaitisi; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 62

Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793) Alps, Urals, Siberia, Kazakhastan, Mongolia, China, Alaska?, Alberta?. See [maps] Phoebus Parnassian Alpen-Apollo Small Apollo

• Papilio phoebus Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 181; TL: Altai, Ongudai
• Parnassius delius ab. inornata Wheeler, 1903; 56; TL: Simplon
• Parnassius delius ab. nigrescens Wheeler, 1903; 57
• Parnassius delius var. intermedius ab. melanica Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 314, pl. 63, f. 18
• Parnassius phoebus ab. rubromaculata Hoffmann, 1911; Int. ent. Zs. 5 (32): 227
• Parnassius phoebus ab. trosti Hoffmann, 1911; Int. ent. Zs. 5 (32): 227
• Parnassius phoebus f. excedens Vorbrodt, 1917; Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 12 (9-10): 433
• Parnassius delius ab. pseudoernae Bryk, 1931; Zool. Jb. Syst. 62: 173; TL: Ponteresina

• Driopa (Erythrodriopa) phoebus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
• Parnassius (Parnassius) phoebus; [RFEL]
• Parnassius phoebus; [H&R]; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 81, pl. 2, f. 11-12; [BRU], 145; [NACL], #4155; [BOW]: pl. 1, f. 8; [NAB], 324; [MRS], 194; [Opler]; [Otakar Kudrna]; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 63; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [MBE] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [Mario Maier]
• inornata; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
• melanica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
• nigrescens; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
• pseudoernae; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22

717x456 (~33Kb) ♀ An alpine meadow in the valley of a headwater of the Chikty Rivulet, 2500 m above sea level, the southern principle slope of the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 15th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1084x396 (~68Kb) larva A SW slope of a mountain SE of the peak Ilyas and SW of the peak Zhaniktu, which divides sources of the Chikty Rivulet, 3000 m above sea level, the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 15th July 1998, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	800x800 (~153Kb) ♀ upperside Russia, Siberia, Khakass Republic, Ust'-Abakan District, 60 km WWS v. of Ust'-Byur, Terensug River valley 5 km upstream of Assug River mouth, 53°38' N 89°33' E, alt. 700-800 m, meadowy and stony southern slopes within spruce taiga. 5th July 2000, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1105x899 (~285Kb) ♂ upperside An alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the Kamdyt valley, a Tekelyu River right tributary which in turn is an Akkem River right tributary, the Katunskii Range northern principal slope, Central [Russian} Altai Mts., Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Rapublic, West SIberia, Russia. 3rd July 2007 (on Aster alpinus), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1177x918 (~324Kb) ♂ upperside An alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the Kamdyt valley, a Tekelyu River right tributary which in turn is an Akkem River right tributary, the Katunskii Range northern principal slope, Central [Russian} Altai Mts., Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Rapublic, West SIberia, Russia. 3rd July 2007 (on Aster alpinus), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1172x904 (~276Kb) ♂ upperside An alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the Kamdyt valley, a Tekelyu River right tributary which in turn is an Akkem River right tributary, the Katunskii Range northern principal slope, Central [Russian} Altai Mts., Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Rapublic, West SIberia, Russia. 3rd July 2007 (on Aster alpinus), Photo © Oleg Kosterin
984x869 (~214Kb) ♀ An alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the Kamdyt valley, a Tekelyu River right tributary which in turn is an Akkem River right tributary, the Katunskii Range northern principal slope, Central [Russian] Altai Mts., Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Rapublic, West Siberia, Russia. 3rd July 2007, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1044x879 (~252Kb) ♀ upperside An alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the Kamdyt valley, a Tekelyu River right tributary which in turn is an Akkem River right tributary, the Katunskii Range northern principal slope, Central [Russian] Altai Mts., Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Rapublic, West Siberia, Russia. 3rd July 2007, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	918x1028 (~240Kb) ♀ underside An alpine meadow patch neighbouring with the most elevated larch wood outposts in the Kamdyt valley, a Tekelyu River right tributary which in turn is an Akkem River right tributary, the Katunskii Range northern principal slope, Central [Russian] Altai Mts., Ust'-Koksa District, Altai Rapublic, West Siberia, Russia. 3rd July 2007, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Saxifraga aizoides, Sempervivum montanum [H&R], Rhodiola rosea, Sedum spp., Saxifraga spp. [BRU], Sedum lanceolatum, Sedum obtusatum, Sedum ? [NAB], Saxifraga spp., S. aizoides, S. calycina, S. nivalis, Sempervivum montanum, S. tectorum, Sedum stenopetalum, S. telephium, S. fabaria, S. album, S. debile, Sedum obtusatum, S. wrightii, S. lanceolatum [MRS]

• P. p. phoebus

  • Driopa phoebus phoebus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius phoebus phoebus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 230; [iNaturalist]
• P. p. corybas Fischer de Waldheim, 1824 Kamchatka

  • Parnassius corybas Fischer de Waldheim, 1824; Entom. Imp. ross., 2: 241, pl. 6, f. 1-2; TL: Kamchatka
  • phoebus kamtchatica Ménétriés, 1859

  • Parnassius corybas corybas; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius corybas; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15; [iNaturalist]
  • Parnassius phoebus corybas; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 231; [RFEL]

  800x572 (~102Kb) ♂ A grassy/fruticulose tundra, 1100 m above sea level, the mountain Asacha northern slope, Elizovo District, South Kamchatka, Russia. 3rd September 1991, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. p. sedakovi Ménétriés, [1850] Baikal

  • phoebus sedakovi Ménétriés, [1850]; Siemaschko, Russian Fauna (17): pl. 4, f. 2
  • badmaevi Marynenko & Glustshenko, 2001
    • = Parnassius corybas sedakovii; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

  • Parnassius corybas sedakovii; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius phoebus sedakovi; [SZMN]
• P. p. intermedius Ménétriés, [1850] S.Altai

  • Parnassius intermedius Ménétriés, [1850]; Siemaschko, Russian Fauna (17): pl. 4, f. 1

  • Parnassius phoebus intermedius; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 230
• P. p. uralensis Ménétriés, 1859 Polar Urals

  • phoebus uralensis Ménétriés, 1859; in Schrenck, Reise Forschungen Amur-Lande 2 (1): 13

  • Parnassius corybas uralensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. p. interposita Herz, 1903 Chukotka, Magagan

  • Parnassius delius var. interposita Herz, 1903; Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. 8 (1): 62
  • Parnassius phoebus ochotskensis Bryk & Eisner, 1931
    • = Parnassius phoebus interpositus; [RFEL]
  • zamolodtschikovi Belik, 1996
    • = Parnassius corybas interposita; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
  • severus Churkin & Zamolodchikov, 2004
    • = Parnassius corybas interposita; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15

  • Parnassius corybas interposita; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
  • Parnassius phoebus interposita; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
  • Parnassius phoebus interpositus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 231; [RFEL]

  ochotskensis

  533x400 (~73Kb) ♀ upperside A flowery slope of the coastal terrace at the Burgauli River mouth on the south (Ochot Sea) coast of the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 17th July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	400x533 (~50Kb) ♂ underside A flowery slope of the coastal terrace on the Cape Alevina - the south-west ending of the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 15th July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	500x334 (~57Kb) ♀ upperside Tundra on the terrace of the southern coast of the Koni Peninsula, S Magadan Province, 17th July 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
  500x500 (~88Kb) ♂ underside A tundrous coastal terrace at the Burgauli River mouth on the south (Ochot Sea) coast of the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 13th July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. p. apricatus Stichel, 1906 C.Alaska - W.Yukon

  • Parnassius phoebus apricatus Stichel, 1906; Berl. Ent. Z. 51: 87, pl. 2, f. 13a-b

  • Parnassius phoebus apricatus; [NACL], #4155i; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• P. p. cervinicolus Fruhstorfer, 1907

  • Parnassius phoebus cervinicolus Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Wochenbl. 24 (46): 199; TL: Mt. Cervin; Matterhorn

  • Parnassius delius cervinicolus; Fruhstorfer, 1921, Ent. Rundschau 38 (5): 20 (note)
  • Parnassius phoebus cervinicolus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11
• P. p. styriacus Fruhstorfer, 1907

  • Parnassius phoebus styriacus Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Wochenbl. 24 (46): 199; TL: Steyermark

  • Parnassius phoebus styriacus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 231; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 25
• P. p. alpestris Verity, 1911 Altai

  • Parnassius delius var. intermedius f. alpestris Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 314, pl. 63, f. 19-20; TL: SE.Altai, Tehuja Mts, 6-8000ft

  • Parnasius phoebus alpestris; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 231; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 9
• P. p. sacerdos Stichel, 1906

  • Parnassius phoebus sacerdos Stichel, 1906; Berl. Ent. Z. 51: 86 (repl. Papilio delius Esper); TL: Switzerland, Tyrol
  • Papilio delius Esper, [1803]; Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (10): 114, pl. 115, f. 5

  • Parnassius delius sacerdos; Fruhstorfer, 1921, Ent. Rundschau 38 (5): 21
  • Parnassius phoebus sacerdos; Vorbrodt, 1912, Die Schmett. Schweiz 1: 10; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 231; [iNaturalist] ; [Heiner Ziegler]
  • Parnassius sacerdos; [CoL]
• P. p. fortuna Bang-Haas, 1912 Transbaikalia

  • Parnassius intermedius f. fortuna Bang-Haas, 1912; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 26 (2): 103; TL: Sajan

  • Parnassius phoebus fortuna; [MRS], 194
• P. p. confederationis Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius delius confederationis Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Rundschau 38 (5): 20; TL: Maderanertal, Uri, Urschweiz

  • Parnassius delius confederationis; Fruhstorfer, 1922, Ent. Rundschau 39 (4): 16
  • Parnassius phoebus confederationis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12

  640x480 (~132Kb) larva ?Schweiz, centralalps, ex. ovo 2001, Photo © Hans Degler

• P. p. expectatus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius delius expectatus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Rundschau 38 (3): 13; TL: "Passeirtal", ca. 1200m

  • Parnassius phoebus expectatus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
• P. p. tessinorum Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius delius tessinorum Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Rundschau 38 (3): 14; TL: "Tessiner Alpen"

  • Parnassius delius tessinorum; Fruhstorfer, 1922, Ent. Rundschau 39 (4): 16
  • Parnassius phoebus tessinorum; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. p. serenus Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius delius serenus Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Rundschau 38 (4): 17; TL: Piemont

  • Parnassius phoebus serenus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 24
• P. p. blachieri Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius delius blachieri Fruhstorfer, 1921; Ent. Rundschau 38 (4): 16; TL: "Alpe Veglia"

  • Parnassius phoebus blachieri; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 10
• P. p. hansi Bryk, 1923

  • phoebus hansi Bryk, 1923; in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 27: 212 (repl. Parnassius delius hermiston Fruhstorfer, 1922)
  • Parnassius delius hermiston Fruhstorfer, 1922; Ent. Rundschau 39 (3): 11 (preocc.); TL: "Gross Venediger, Dirnbachtal, Gross Glockner 2200m"

  • Parnassius phoebus hansi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 15
• P. p. golovinus Holland, 1930 W.Alaska

  • Parnassius phoebus golovinus; [NACL], #4155j; [P&N23]; [BOA]
• P. p. elias Bryk, 1934

  • Parnassius phoebus elias; [NACL], #4155l

  ssp. of smintheus?

• P. p. alaskensis Eisner, 1956

  • alaskaensis Eisner, 1957; (emend.)

  • Parnassius phoebus alaskensis; [NACL], #4155k

  ssp. of smintheus?

• P. p. halasicus Huang & Murayama, 1992 Xinjiang

  • Parnassius phoebus halasicus Huang & Murayama, 1992; Tyô to Ga 43 (1): 3, f. 4; TL: Halasi, Altai, 1700-1900m
• P. p. sauricus Lukhtanov, 1999 E.Kasakstan (Saur-Tarbagatai Mts.)

  • Parnassius phoebus sauricus Lukhtanov, 1999; Atalanta 30 (1/4): 136; TL: Kasakstan, Ust-Kemenogorsk, Saur, Kysylkiya, 2900m

  • Parnassius corybas sauricus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. p. bulawskii Gluschenko & Martynenko, 2000

  • Parnassius phoebus bulawskii; [RFEL]
• P. p. tsenguun Churkin, 2003

  • Parnassius phoebus tsenguun; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 62
• P. p. chingizid Yakovlev, 2006 W.Mongolia

  • Parnassius phoebus chingizid Yakovlev, 2006; Eversmannia 6: 15; TL: W.Mongolia, Bayan-Ulegei aimak, 2100-2300m

  • Parnassius phoebus chingizid; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 62
• P. p. bajangolus Yakovlev, 2006 W.Mongolia

  • Parnassius phoebus bajangolus Yakovlev, 2006; Eversmannia 6: 16; TL: W.Mongolia, Hovd aimak, Bulgan-gol basin, 2100-2500m

  • Parnassius phoebus bajangolus; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 62

Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, [1847] Alaska, British Columbia, W.USA. See [maps] Mountain Parnassian

• Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, [1847]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 27, pl. 4*, f. 4
• Parnassius sedakovii Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 71
• rocky Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
• Parnassius phoebus var. nanus Neumann, 1890; Ent. Amer. 6: 61; TL: Calgary
• minor Verity, 1907; (preocc. Staudinger, 1881)
• minusculus Bryk, 1912
• quincunx Bryk, 1914
• verity Ehrmann, 1918; (repl. name)
• ernestinae Bryk & Eisner, 1935
• manitobaensis Bryk & Eisner, 1935

• Parnassius phoebus nanus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 232
• Parnassius phoebus smintheus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 25; [NACL], #4155e
• Parnassius smintheus nanus; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 1
• Parnassius smintheus sedakovii; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 1
• Parnassius smintheus; [BOC], 112; [Opler]; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]

900x746 (~117Kb) USA: FR3100, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'55N 120°57'48W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	900x708 (~60Kb) upperside USA: FR3100, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'55N 120°57'48W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	800x892 (~90Kb) underside USA: FR3100, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'55N 120°57'48W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
900x660 (~74Kb) upperside USA: FR3120(?), Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'51N 120°58'36W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	800x541 (~47Kb) upperside USA: FR3120(?), Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'51N 120°58'36W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x772 (~88Kb) underside USA: FR3120(?), Wenatchee National Forest, (47°03'51N 120°58'36W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela
1000x686 (~97Kb) upperside USA: FR3330(?), Wenatchee National Forest, (47°04'11N 120°56'09W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	1600x1200 (~354Kb) ♂ upperside Canada, Alberta [not Manitoba], nr. Exshaw, 15.VII.1933 (Parnassius smintheus "manitobaensis"), Photo 2004 © Joseph Belicek NHMW Wien

Larva on Sedum lanceolatum, S. roseum, S. divergens, S. stenopetalum, S. oreganum [BOC]

• P. s. smintheus

  • Parnassius phoebus smintheus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 232
  • Parnassius smintheus smintheus; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

  1947x1497 (~437Kb) ♀ upperside Canada, British Columbia, Mt. Spieker, Photo 2005 © Norbert Kondla leg.	1910x1425 (~453Kb) ♀ underside Canada, British Columbia, Mt. Spieker, Photo 2005 © Norbert Kondla leg.	1831x1415 (~360Kb) ♂ upperside Canada, British Columbia, Mt. Spieker, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.
  1813x1375 (~329Kb) ♂ underside Canada, British Columbia, Mt. Spieker, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.

• P. s. sternitzkyi McDunnough, 1936 N.California

  • Parnassius smintheus sternitzkyi McDunnough, 1936; Can. ent. 68 (12): ; TL: Castle Lake, Siskiyou Co., California

  • Parnassius phoebus sternitzkyi; [NACL], #4155b
  • Parnassius smintheus sternitzkyi; [BOC]; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• P. s. magnus Wright, 1905 Washington

  • Parnassius magnus Wright, 1905; Butts. West Coast US: 89, pl. 2, f. 13, 13b; TL: Enderby, British Columbia

  • Parnassius phoebus magnus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 233; [NACL], #4155c
  • Parnassius smintheus magnus; [BOC], 112; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

  1816x1500 (~469Kb) ♀ upperside Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla	1800x1500 (~429Kb) ♀ underside Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla	1810x1466 (~349Kb) ♂ upperside Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.
  1752x1398 (~324Kb) ♂ underside Canada, British Columbia, Record Ridge, Photo © Norbert Kondla leg.

• P. s. olympianna Burdick, 1941 Olympic Mountains, Vancouver Is.

  • Parnassius smintheus olympianna Burdick, 1941; Can. Ent. 73 (7): 117; TL: Hurricane Ridge, Olympic Peninsula, Clallam Co., Washington
  • Parnassius phoebus guppyi Wyatt, 1969; Zs. wien. ent. Ges. 54: (132-133) ; TL: Mt. Arrowsmith, Vancouver I., British Columbia

  • Parnassius phoebus olympianus[sic, olympianna]; [NACL], #4155d
  • Parnassius smintheus guppyi; Guppy, 1998, J. Lep. Soc. 52 (1): 115
  • Parnassius smintheus olympianna; [P&N23]; [BOA]
  • Parnassius smintheus olympiannus; [BOC], 112; [iNaturalist]

  Larva on (as guppyi) Sedum divergens Guppy, 1998, J. Lep. Soc. 52 (1): 115

• P. s. xanthus Ehrmann, 1918 Washington

  • smintheus xanthus Ehrmann, 1918; ; TL: Moscow, Idaho
    • = ?Parnassius smintheus magnus Wright, 1905;
  • mendicus Stichel, 1907; (ab.)
  • pseudocorybas Verity, 1907; (ab.)
  • Parnassius smintheus idahoensis Bryk & Eisner, 1931; Parnassiana 1 (5): 5, f. 4-5; TL: Wallace, Idaho
    • = ?Parnassius smintheus magnus Wright, 1905;
  • montanulus Bryk & Eisner, 1931; ; TL: Missoula, Montana
    • = ?Parnassius smintheus magnus Wright, 1905;
  • Parnassius smintheus maximus Bryk & Eisner, 1937; ; TL: Judith Mtns, Montana

  • Parnassius phoebus idahoensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
  • Parnassius phoebus xanthus; [NACL], #4155f
  • Parnassius smintheus maximus; [P&N23]; [BOA]
  • Parnassius smintheus xanthus; [BOC], 112
• P. s. pseudorotgeri Eisner, 1966 Colorado (San Juan Mtns)

  • Parnassius phoebus pseudorotgeri; [NACL], #4155h
  • Parnassius smintheus pseudorotgeri; [P&N23]; [BOA]
• P. s. yukonensis Eisner, 1969 S.Yukon, British Columbia

  • Parnassius phoebus yukonensis Eisner, 1969; Zool. Meded. Leiden 43 (14): 175

  • Parnassius phoebus yukonensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 29; [NACL], #4155m
  • Parnassius smintheus yukonensis; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
• P. s. sayii Edwards, 1863

  • Parnassius sayii Edwards, 1863
    • = Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, [1847]; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 1
  • Parnassius smintheus var. hermodur H. Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (1): 4; TL: S.Colorado
  • nigerrimus Verity, 1907
  • mariae Bryk, 1912
  • quincunx Bryk, 1915; (not Bryk, 1914)
  • polus Ehrmann, 1917
  • montanus Ehrmann, 1918
  • Parnassius phoebus utahensis Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 233; TL: Park City, Utah
  • fermatus Bryk, 1921
  • melanophorus Bryk, 1921
  • sordellus Fruhstorfer, 1923
  • aristion Fruhstorfer, 1923
  • catullius Fruhstorfer, 1923
  • dakotaensis Bryk & Eisner, 1935
  • hollandi Bryk & Eisner, 1935
  • Parnassius phoebus rotgeri Bang-Haas, 1938; Parnassiana 6: 20, pl. 1, f. 6, 9; TL: Colora, Mt. Evans
  • reducta Bang-Haas, 1938
  • discocircumcinctus Eisner, 1955
  • rubiana Wyatt, 1961
  • excelsior Eisner, 1969

  • Parnassius phoebus rotgeri; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 23
  • Parnassius phoebus sayii; [NACL], #4155g
  • Parnassius phoebus utahensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
  • Parnassius smintheus hermodur; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 1
  • Parnassius smintheus sayii; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  • hermador; F. M. Brown, Eff & Rotger, 1956, (missp.)
  • pholus; Barner & Benjamin, 1926, (missp.)

  1300x1656 (~271Kb) ♀ upperside USA: Colorado, Clear Creek Co., Summit Lake, Mt. Evans, 23.7.2012 (39°35'52"N 105°38'23"W), Photo © Markku Savela

  1800x1200 (~253Kb) ♂ upperside USA: Colorado, Clear Creek Co., Summit Lake, Mt. Evans, 23.7.2012 (39°35'52"N 105°38'23"W), Photo © Markku Savela

Parnassius actius (Eversmann, 1843) Tadzhikistan, Kirghizia, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, Sinkiang, Kansu. See [maps]

• Doritis actius Eversmann, 1843; Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 16 (3): 540, pl. 9, f. 2a, b; TL: "Altai" [= error?, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Kazakhstan]
• Parnassius actius ab. (var.?) actinobolus Staudinger, 1898; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 10 (2): 347; TL: Korla
• Parnassius actius var. rhodius Honrath, 1882; Berl. ent. Z. 26 (1): 178, pl. 2, f. 6

• Parnassius actius; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 184; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 81, pl. 2, f. 13-14; [BRU], 146; [MRS], 194; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
• Parnassius rhodius; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 186
• rhodius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 23

471x350 (~64Kb) ♀ upperside Alpine vegetation on the bank of the Kyzylagash River source, about 2800 m altitude, 17 km SE of the village Kopal, the northern slope of the Mynchukur mountain range, the Northern Dzhungarian Alatau mountain chain (NE part of Tien Shan), Kopal District, Taldy-Kurgan Province, SE Kazakhstan. 6th August 1994, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. a. actius Dzhungarsky Alatau Mts

  • Parnassius actius actius; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 250; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [iNaturalist]
• P. a. caesar Grum-Grshimailo, 1885

  • Parnassius caesar Grum-Grshimailo, 1885; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 2: 247 (nom. nud.)
  • Parnassius actius var. caesar Staudinger, 1898; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 10 (2): 347; TL: Koula

  • Parnassius actius caesar; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 250; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. a. ambrosius Stichel, 1907 Central Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius actius ambrosius Stichel, 1907; in Wytsman, Genera Ins. 58: 33; TL: Aksu

  • Parnassius actius ambrosius; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 250
• P. a. dubitabilis Verity, 1911 Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius actius dubitabilis Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 313, pl. 53, f. 3; TL: Karagaitau

  • Parnassius actius dubitabilis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 250; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. a. minuta Verity, 1911 N.Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius actius minuta Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 313, pl. 53, f. 5-6, pl. 58, f. 12-13; TL: Juldus

  • Parnassius actius minuta; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 250
  • Parnassius actius minutus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. a. melaniticus Bang-Haas, 1915

  • Parnassius actius var. melaniticus Bang-Haas, 1915; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 29 (2/3): 173, pl. 5, f. 21

  • Parnassius actius melaniticus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
• P. a. flora Bang-Haas, 1915 Alai, Ghissar

  • Parnassius actius flora; [iNaturalist]
• P. a. brutus Bang-Haas, 1915 E.Pamirs
• ?P. a. pseudobrutus Bryk & Eisner, 1931
• P. a. frischi Bang-Haas, 1938

  • Parnassius actius frischi Bang-Haas, 1938; Parnassiana 6: 23, pl. 2, f. 7-8
  • Parnassius actius frischi f. dentata Bang-Haas, 1938; Parnassiana 6: 23
  • Parnassius actius frischi f. nigerrima Bang-Haas, 1938; Parnassiana 6: 23
  • Parnassius actius frischi f. pura Bang-Haas, 1938; Parnassiana 6: 23
  • Parnassius actius frischi f. totireducta Bang-Haas, 1938; Parnassiana 6: 23

  • Parnassius actius frischi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
  • dentata; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 13
  • nigerrima; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
  • pura; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
  • totireducta; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. a. actinoboloides Bang-Haas, 1928

  • Parnassius jacquemonti actinoboloides Bang-Haas, 1928; Ent. Zs. 42: 59; TL: Kansu, Tumöngtsze, Richthof. Mt., 2700m

  • Parnassius actius actinoboloides; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 8
• P. a. catilina Eisner & Peschke, 1934

  • Parnassius actius catilina Eisner & Peschke, 1934; Parnassiana 3: 41; TL: Dardistan, Dubunni Mtns

  • Parnassius actius catilina; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11
• P. a. cassius Bryk & Eisner

  • Parnassius actius ab. apolloformis Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 313, pl. 58, f. 11; TL: Karagai tau

  • Parnassius actius cassius f. apolloformis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 9

Parnassius jacquemontii Boisduval, 1836 Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, N.India, Chitral - Kumaon, Tibet, Sinkiang, Kansu, Szechwan. See [maps] Keeled Apollo

• Parnassius jacquemontii Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 400; TL: "...l'Himalaya"

• Parnassius jacquemonti; [BRU], 145; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• Parnassius jacquemontii jacquemontii; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius jacquemontii; [EBW]; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 6; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 81, pl. 2, f. 15-16; [MRS], 194; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 250; [BRU]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

Larva on Rhodiola spp. [BRU]

• P. j. thibetanus Leech

  • Parnassius jacquemontii thibetanus; [MRS], 194
• P. j. himalayensis Elwes, 1886

  • Parnassius actius var. himalayensis Elwes, 1886; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 30; TL: India, Lahoul

  • Parnassius jacquemontii himalayensis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 251; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 6, 16, pl. 1, f. 4
• P. j. mercurius Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

  • Parnassius mercurius Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4): 445; TL: Sinin Mts, Amdo

  • Parnassius jacquemontii mercurius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 251; [MRS], 194
• P. j. tibetanus Rühl, 1892

  • Parnassius tibetanus Rühl, 1892; Palaearkt. Grossschm. 1: 99; TL: Ta-tsien-lu

  • Parnassius jacquemontii tibetanus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
  • Parnassius tibetanus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 251
• P. j. impunctata Austaut, 1899

  • Parnassius jacquemontii var. impunctata Austaut, 1899; Naturaliste 21 (296): 154

  • Parnassius jacquemontii impunctata; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
• P. j. chitralensis Moore, 1902 Chitral

  • Parnassius chitralensis Moore, 1902; Lepidoptera Indica 5: 107, pl. 406, f. 2-2a; TL: Chitral

  • Parnassius jacquemonti chitralensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius jacquemontii chitralensis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 251; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. j. variabilis Stichel, 1906 Ghissar, Alai, Inner Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius jacquemontii variabilis Stichel, 1906; Berl. Ent. Z. 51: 90
  • jacquemonti diana Bryk, 1934

  • Parnassius jacquemontii variabilis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 251; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. j. rubicundus Stichel, 1906 W.Pamirs

  • Parnassius jacquemontii rubicundus Stichel, 1906; Berl. Ent. Z. 51: 89; TL: Pamir, Ferghana

  • Parnassius jacquemonti rubicundus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius jacquemontii rubicundus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 251
• P. j. cyrnus Fruhstorfer, 1906

  • Parnassius mercurius cyrnus Fruhstorfer, 1906; Soc. Ent. 21 (18): 139; TL: Aksu

  • Parnassius jacquemontii cyrnus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. j. boroghila Tytler, 1926 NE.Chitral

  • Parnassius discobolus boroghila Tytler, 1926; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 31: 250, pl. 4, f. 1; TL: Baroghil, Swhawan Shung, Yarkhun

  • Parnassius jacquemontii boroghila; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 10
• P. j. hunzaica Tytler, 1926

  • Parnassius discobolus hunzaica Tytler, 1926; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 31: 250, pl. 4, f. 2

  • Parnassius jacquemontii hunzaica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
• P. j. shandura Tytler, 1926

  • Parnassius jacquemontii shandura Tytler, 1926; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 31: 250, pl. 4, f. 3-4; TL: Shandur Pass
• P. j. pamirus Bang-Haas, 1927 E.Pamirs

  • jacquemontii pamirus Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: [?]

  • Parnassius jacquemonti pamirus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius jacquemontii pamirus; [iNaturalist]
• P. j. kangraensis Bryk & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius jacquemontii kangraensis Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 23, f. 7-8

  • Parnassius jacquemontii kangraensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 17
• P. j. jupiterius Bang-Haas, 1933

  • Parnassius mercurius jupiterius Bang-Haas, 1933; Ent. Zs. 46: 262

  • Parnassius jacquemontii jupiterius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 17; [MRS], 194
• P. j. tatungi Bryk & Eisner

  • Parnassius jacquemontii tatungi; [MRS], 194
• P. j. diana Bryk, 1934

  • Parnassius jacquemonti diana Bryk, 1934; Parnassiana 3: 27; TL: S.Alai

  • Parnassius jacquemonti diana; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 13
• P. j. peter Bryk & Eisner, 1935

  • jacquemontii peter Bryk & Eisner, 1935; Parnassiana 3 (3): 81

  • Parnassius jacquemonti peter; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16

Parnassius tianschanicus Oberthür, 1879 Tadzhikitan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan - Kasmir, Sinkiang. See [maps]

• Parnassius tianschanicus Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 108; TL: "Kuldja"
• Parnassius discobolus verityi Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 249; TL: Korla
• Parnassius corybas var. discobolus Alphéraky, 1881; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 16 (3-4): 349

• Parnassius discobolus verityi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• Parnassius tianschanica; [LEPIFORUM]
• Parnassius tianschanicus; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83, pl. 3, f. 21-22; [BRU], 146; [MRS], 195; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

Larva on Rhodiola , Pseudosedum [BRU]

• P. t. tianschanicus Mountains N. of Lake Issyk-Kul

  • Parnassius tianschanicus tianschanicus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. t. minor Staudinger, 1881 Dzungarsky Alatau

  • Parnassius discobolus var. minor Staudinger, 1881; Stettin ent. Ztg 42 (7-9): 275, 277; TL: Ala Tau

  • Parnassius discobolus minor; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 248
  • Parnassius tianschanicus minor; [MRS], 195; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. t. insignis Staudinger, 1886 Alaisky Mts

  • Parnassius discobolus var. (ab.) insignis Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 194; TL: S.Alai
    • = Parnassius tianschanicus grumgrshimailoi; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius tianschanicus romanovi Grum-Grshimailo, 1885; (preocc. Parnassius charltonius romanovi Grum-Grshimailo, 1885)
    • = Parnassius tianschanicus grumgrshimailoi; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • tianschanicus grumgrshimailoi Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 102; TL: (repl. _Parnassius tianschanicus romanovi_ Grum-Grshimailo, 1885)

  • Parnassius discobolus insignis; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 178; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 249
  • Parnassius tianschanicus grumgrshimailoi; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
  • Parnassius tianschanicus insignis; [iNaturalist]
• P. t. superbus Austaut, 1889 W.Pamirs

  • Parnassius superbus Austaut, 1889; Parnassiens Palearct.: 206

  • Parnassius tianschanicus superbus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. t. olympius Staudinger, 1898

  • Parnassius olympius Staudinger, 1898; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 10 (2): 344; TL: Kurla

  • Parnassius olympius; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 248
• P. t. erebus Verity, 1911

  • Parnassius discobolus erebus Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 312, (4): pl. 12, f. 3; TL: Boro-Choro

  • Parnassius discobolus erebus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 249
  • Parnassius tianschanicus erebus; [MRS], 195
• P. t. thiseus Ehrmann, 1920 Inner Tian-Shan
• P. t. alexander Bryk & Eisner, 1935 Kirghizsky Mts, Talassky Mts

  • tianschanicus alexander Bryk & Eisner, 1935; Parnassiana 3 (3): 81

  • Parnassius tianschanicus alexander; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. t. haberhaueri Bryk & Eisner, 1935 Ghissar
• P. t. maureri Bryk & Eisner, 1935 Ghissar

  • Parnassius tianschanicus maureri Bryk & Eisner, 1935; Parnassiana 3 (3): 82

  • Parnassius tianschanicus maureri; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. t. shiva Wyatt, 1961 Afghanistan

  • Parnassius tianschanicus shiva Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 4; TL: Kars Pass, Shiva Mts, N. Badakshan, 11000ft
• P. t. fujiokai Ohya

  • Parnassius tianschanicus fujiokai; [MRS], 195
• P. t. astrictio Ohya, 1987 C.Tian-Shan

  • tianschanicus kaindyensis Kreuzberg, 1989; 32

  • Parnassius tianschanicus kaindyensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 16
• P. t. chimganus Kreuzberg, 1989 W.Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius tianschanicus chimganus; [iNaturalist]

Parnassius epaphus Oberthür, 1879 Afghanistan - Kashmir, Nepal, Chitral - Sikkim, Tibet - Singkiang, Kansu, Tshingai, Szechwan. See [maps] Common Red Apollo

• Parnassius epaphus Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 23; TL: Tibet
• Parnassius poeta var. oberthuri Austaut, 1895; Naturaliste 17: 247; TL: Thibet
• Parnassius epaphus puella Bryk, 1934; Parnassiana 3: 28 (nom. nud.)

• Parnassius epaphus; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 82, pl. 3, f. 19-20; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 5, 14, pl. 1, f. 10; [MRS], 195; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
• oberthuri; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
• puella; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22

• P. e. epaphus

  • Parnassius epaphus epaphus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 252; [iNaturalist]
• P. e. sikkimensis Elwes, 1882

  • Parnassius epaphus var. sikkimensis Elwes, 1882; 399, pl. 25, f. 4-5

  • Parnassius epaphus sikkimensis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 252; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 24; [MRS], 195
• P. e. poeta Oberthür, 1892

  • Parnassius epaphus poeta Oberthür, 1892; Étud. d'Ent. 16: 2, pl. 2, f. 9; TL: Ta-tsien-lu

  • Parnassius epaphus poeta; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 252; Huang, 2001
  • Parnassius poeta; [iNaturalist]
• P. e. nanchaninca Austaut, 1899

  • Parnassius sikkimensis var. nanchanica Austaut, 1899; Le Naturaliste 21: 285; TL: Nanschan

  • Parnassius epaphus nanchanica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
  • Parnassius epaphus nanchanicus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 253
• P. e. nirius Moore, 1902

  • Parnassius nirius Moore, 1902; Lepidoptera Indica 5: 108, pl. 407, f. 1-1a

  • Parnassius epaphus nirius; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
• P. e. hillensis Bang-Haas, 1915

  • Parnassius epaphus r. hillensis Bang-Haas, 1915; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 29 (2/3): 175, pl. 5, f. 29

  • Parnassius epaphus hillensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 15
• P. e. phariensis Avinoff, 1916

  • Parnassius epaphus phariensis Avinoff, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915: 360, pl. 54, f. 8-9; TL: Tibet, Phari Jong, ca. 5000m
  • Parnassius epaphus pernigrus Fruhstorfer, 1918; Soc. ent. 33 (1): 2; TL: Phasi Thong, Tibet
    • = ; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• P. e. everesti Riley, 1923

  • Parnassius epaphus everesti Riley, 1923; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1922 (3-4): 463, pl. 36, f. 7-8; TL: Mt. Everest

  • Parnassius epaphus everesti; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
• P. e. himalayanus Riley, 1923

  • Parnassius epaphus himalayanus Riley, 1923; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1922 (3-4): 463, pl. 36, f. 6; TL: Mt. Everest

  • Parnassius epaphus himalayanus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 15
• P. e. dongalaica Tytler, 1926

  • epaphus dongalaica Tytler, 1926; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 31: 249, pl. 4, f. 5; TL: Donga-la, Tibet, 16000'

  • Parnassius dongalaica; [LEPIFORUM]
  • Parnassius dongalaicus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • Parnassius epaphus dongalaica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 13
• P. e. subtilis Bang-Haas, 1927

  • Parnassius epaphus subtilis Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 21, pl. 3, f. 6

  • Parnassius epaphus subtilis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
• P. e. gyaella Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius epaphus gyaella Eisner, 1932; Parnassiana 2: 68

  • Parnassius epaphus gyaella; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 15
• P. e. pictor Bryk & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius epaphus pictor Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 104; TL: Kunkala-scan

  • Parnassius epaphus pictor; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• P. e. puer Bryk & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius epaphus puer Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 24, f. 6

  • Parnassius epaphus puer; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• P. e. hinducunica Bang-Haas, 1934 Kashmir

  • Parnassius epaphus hinducunica Bang-Haas, 1934; Ent. Zs. 48 (1): 7

  • Parnassius epaphus hinducunica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
• P. e. robertsi Epstein, 1979

  • epaphus robertsi Epstein, 1979; ; TL: C.Nepal
• P. e. capdevillei Epstein, 1979

  • epaphus capdevillei Epstein, 1979; ; TL: C.Nepal
• P. e. tsaiae Huang, 1998 NW.Tibet

  • Parnassius epaphus tsaiae Huang, 1998; Neue Ent. Nachr. 41: 274, pl. 1, f. 4c, 4d; TL: Maojiali, Main Peak, 4900-5200

Parnassius bremeri Bremer, 1864 Lake Baikal - Ussuri, NE.China (Heilunkiang, Shansi, Hopei), Korea. See [maps]

• Parnassius bremeri Bremer, 1864; Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. (7) 8 (1): 6, pl. 1, f. 3, 4; TL: [Delta of Oldoi River ...]
• ?Parnassius bremeri C. & R. Felder, [1864]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 133, pl. 21, f. 21e-g; TL: Amur
• Parnassius bremeri ab. flavomaculata Moltrecht, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (44): 184; TL: Sichota-Alin
• Parnassius bremeri f. obscurata Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 303, pl. 58, f. 10
• Parnassius bremeri moltrechti Bryk, 1914; Ent. Mitt. 3 (3): 81; TL: Fudin, Ussuri
• Parnassius bremeri ab. dorriesi Warnecke, 1919; Int. Ent. Zs. 13 (4): 25; TL: Ussuri
• Parnassius bremeri ab. lunigera Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 266, pl. 5, f. 11
• Parnassius bremeri ab. brykiana Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 266, pl. 5, f. 12
• Parnassius bremeri olgensis Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 266, pl. 5, f. 13
• ?aino Nakahara

• Parnassius (Parnassius) bremeri; [RFEL]
• Parnassius bremeri moltrechti; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 230
• Parnassius bremeri; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 81, pl. 2, f. 9-10; [BRU], 143; [MRS], 193; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
• Parnassius bremeri ab. dorriesi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 13
• obscurata; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21
• ?Parnassius bremeri aino; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 93 (extinct?)

640x480 (~69Kb) larva Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~58Kb) larva Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~85Kb) larva Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler
640x480 (~76Kb) upperside Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~76Kb) underside Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler	640x480 (~58Kb) Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler
640x480 (~69Kb) underside Raddejewka (Amur), ex. ovo 2000, Photo © Hans Degler

Larva on Sedum aizoon, Sedum ussuriensis, S. ischida, Orostachys malacophylla [BRU], Sedum spp., S. quadrifidum [MRS]

• P. b. bremeri Transbaikalia

  • Parnassius bremeri var. graeseri Honrath, [1885]; Berl. ent. Z. 29 (2): 272
    • = ; [RFEL]
  • Parnassius bremeri jaetensis Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 9
    • = ; [RFEL]

  • Parnassius bremeri bremeri; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 229; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15; [RFEL]
  • Parnassius bremeri graeseri; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 230; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
  • Parnassius bremeri jaetensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. b. conjuncta Staudinger, 1901 Ussuri

  • Parnassius bremeri var. conjuncta Staudinger, 1901; Cat. Lep. palaearct. Faunengeb. 1: 5
    • = Parnassius bremeri graeseri (conjunctus); Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
  • Parnassius bremeri mongugaica Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 265, pl. 5, f. 9-10
    • = Parnassius bremeri conjunctus; [RFEL]

  • Parnassius bremeri conjunctus; [RFEL]
• P. b. amgunensis Sheljuzhko, 1928 Lower Amur region

  • bremeri amgunensis Sheljuzhko, 1928; Mitt. Münch. ent. Ges. 18: 1
  • amgumensis nikolaii Asahi, Kanda, Kawata & Kohara, 1999

  • Parnassius (Parnassius) amgunensis; [RFEL]
  • Parnassius amgumensis nikolaii; [RFEL]
  • Parnassius amgunensis amgunensis; [RFEL]
  • Parnassius amgunensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15; [iNaturalist]
  • Parnassius corybas nikolaii; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15

  Larva on Sedum [RFEL]

• P. b. hakutozana Matsumura, 1927 Korea

  • Parnassius bremeri hakutozana Matsumura, 1927; Insecta Matsumurana 1 (4): 163, pl. 5, f. 5; TL: Corea, Mt. Hakuto
  • Parnassius bremeri hakutozana ab. inornata Matsumura, 1927; Insecta Matsumurana 1 (4): 163, pl. 5, f. 4; TL: Corea, Mt. Hakuto
• P. b. orotschonica Bang-Haas, 1927 Sikhote-Alin (coast)

  • Parnassius bremeri orotschonica Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 10, pl. 1, f. 7-8; TL: Sichotin Alin mts
    • = Parnassius bremeri graeseri; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15

  • Parnassius bremeri orotchonicus[sic]; [RFEL]
  • Parnassius bremeri orotschonica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21
• P. b. solonensis Bang-Haas, 1927

  • Parnassius bremeri solonensis Bang-Haas, 1927; Horae Macrolep. Palaearct. 1: 11, pl. 1, f. 11-13

  • Parnassius bremeri solonensis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 25
• P. b. pakianus Murayama, 1964 S.Korea

  • Parnassius bremeri pakianus Murayama, 1964; Zs. Wiener ent. Ges. 49: 35, pl. 4, f. 1-2; TL: Pusan, S.Korea
  • Parnassius bremeri pakianus f. pusanus Murayama, 1964; Zs. Wiener ent. Ges. 49: 35; TL: Pusan, S.Korea
• P. b. lumen Eisner, 1968

  • Parnassius bremeri lumen Eisner, 1968; Zool. Meded. Leiden 43 (2): 12, pl. 2, f. 1-3; TL: Andong, Korea

  • Parnassius bremeri lumen; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 18
• P. b. nipponus Kreuzberg, 1992 Kunashir Island

  • Parnassius bremeri nipponus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15; [RFEL]

Parnassius honrathi Staudinger, 1882 Afghanistan, Tadzhikistan. See [maps]

• Parnassius honrathi Staudinger, 1882; Berl. ent. Z. 26 (1): 161, pl. 1, f. 4-5; TL: Hazret-Sultan-Gebirge, südlich von Samarkand

• Parnassius honrathi; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 174; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 80, pl. 1, f. 7-8; [BRU], 145; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

• P. h. honrathi W.Ghissar

  • Parnassius honrathi tusovi Shchetkin & Shchetkin, 1989; Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 94: (53-55)
  • honrathi ernesti Bryk, 1932
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
  • honrathi kondarensis Shchetkin, 1988
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
  • Parnassius honrathi chaitcus Shchetkin & Shchetkin, 1989; Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 94: (53-55)

  • Parnassius davidis honrathi; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 246
  • Parnassius honrathi honrathi; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. h. alburnus Stichel, 1907 W.Pamirs

  • Parnassius davidis alburnus Stichel, 1907; Ent. Zs. 21: 132

  • Parnassius davidis alburnus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 246
  • Parnassius honrathi alburnus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. h. afganistanus Eisner, 1940 C.Afghanistan (Koh-i-Baba Mts)

  • honrathi afganistanus Eisner, 1940; Temminckia 5: 264 [ afghanistanus? ]

  • Parnassius honrathi afganistanus; Sakai, 1978, Atalanta 9 (1): 107

Parnassius apollonius (Eversmann, 1847) Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia, Tadzhikistan, W.Sinkiang. See [maps]

• Doritis apollonius Eversmann, 1847; Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 20 (3): 71, pl. 3, f. 1-2; TL: "Songaria"
• Parnassius princeps Grum-Grshimailo, 1888; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 22 (3-4): 303; TL: Karamuk
• Parnassius apollonius ab. unica Avinoff, 1910; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 39: 247

• Parnassius apollonius; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 170; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 80, pl. 1, f. 5-6; [BRU], 144; [MRS], 193; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
• Parnassius princeps; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 172, pl. 1, f. 2a-b

Larva on Pseudosedum , Rosularia spp. [BRU], Salsola spp., Scabiosa spp., Rhodiola semenovii [MRS]

• P. a. apollonius S.Altai, Saur, Tarbagatai, Dzhungarsky Alatau

  • Parnassius apollonius apollonius; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 246; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. a. alpinus Staudinger, 1887 Alai

  • Parnassius apollonius var. alpinus Staudinger, 1887; Stettin Ent. Ztg 48 (1-3): 49; TL: Alexander Mts

  • Parnassius apollonius alpinus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 247; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. a. daubi Fruhstorfer, 1903 Ghissar

  • Parnassius apollonius daubi Fruhstorfer, 1903; Soc. Ent. 18 (7): 49; TL: Zarafschan
  • Parnassius apollonius ab. daubi Fruhstorfer, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (45): 357
  • apollonius horaki Kreuzberg, 1989
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15

  • Parnassius apollonius daubei[sic, daubi]; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 247
  • Parnassius apollonius daubi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. a. gloriosus Fruhstorfer, 1904 N.Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius apollonius gloriosus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 309; TL: Alexander Mtns

  • Parnassius apollonius gloriosus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 246; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 15
• P. a. narynus Fruhstorfer, 1908 Inner Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius apollonius narynus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12): 51; TL: Naryn

  • Parnassius apollonius narynus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. a. poseidon Bryk & Eisner, 1934 W.Tian-Shan

  • apollonius poseidon Bryk & Eisner, 1934; Parnassiana 3: 20

  • Parnassius apollonius poseidon; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. a. glaucopsis Bryk & Eisner, 1934 S.Kazakhstan

  • apollonius glaucopsis Bryk & Eisner, 1934; Parnassiana 3: 19

  • Parnassius apollonius glaucopsis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. a. aphrodite Bryk & Eisner, 1934 Ili River valley

  • apollonius aphrodite Bryk & Eisner, 1934; Parnassiana 3: 19
  • kruseki Schulte, 1991
    • = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15

  • Parnassius apollonius aphrodite; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15
• P. a. kuldschaensis Bryk & Eisner

  • Parnassius apollonius kuldschaensis; [MRS], 193
• P. a. alicae Kreuzberg, 1989 Kazakhstan, ...

  • Parnassius apollonius alicae; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 15

Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) Pyrenees, EU, Iran, Caucasus, C.Asia. See [maps] Schwarzer Apollo Le semi-apollon Pikkuapollo Niepylak mnemozyna Mnemosynefjäril Nunneapollo Clouded Apollo Blanca de Asso

• Papilio mnemosyne Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 465; TL: Finland
• Parnassius mnemosyne var. hartmanni Standfuss, 1888; Berl. ent. Z. 32 (1): 234, pl. 3, f. 1-2; TL: Bavarian High Alps
• Parnassius mnemosyne athene Stichel, 1906; Berl. Ent. Z. 51: 88; TL: Chelmos, Greece
• Parnassius mnemosyne nebrodensis Verity, [1907]; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (9-10): 99, pl. 23, f. 7-8; TL: Sicily
• ?Parnassius mnemosyne ab. intacta Krulikowsky, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (1): 2; TL: Wiatka; Kasan
• Parnassius mnemosyne var. cassiensis Siepi, 1909; Ann. Mus. Mars. 12: 5; TL: St. Cassien
• Parnassius mnemosyne vernetanus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (3): 17 (repl. Parnassius mnemosyne pyrenaica Verity, 1907); TL: Pyrenees
• Parnassius mnemosyne pyrenaica Verity, [1907]; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (9-10): 97, pl. 23, f. 5-6; TL: Pyrenees
• Parnassius mnemosyne turatii Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (3): 17 (repl. _Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyrenaica Turati, 1908); TL: Hautes Pyrenees
• Parnassius mnemosyne ab. pyrenaica Turati, 1908; Natur. Sicil. 20 (1-3): 16, pl. 2, f. 3-6; TL: Hautes Pyrenees
• Parnassius mnemosyne hartmanni f. umbratilis Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (3): 17
• Parnassius mnemosyne var. calabrica Turati, 1911; Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli 3 (18): 12; TL: Calabria
• Parnassius mnemosyne pseudonubilosus Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 321, (9-10): pl. 23, f. 12-13; TL: Pontus
• Parnassius mnemosyne ab. ruhmanni Hoffmann, 1912; Ent. Rdsch. 29: 157
• ?Parnassius mnemosyne ab. lunulata Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1): 18
• Parnassius mnemosyne adolphi Bryk, 1911; Soc. Ent. 26 (16): 60; TL: Sultanabad, Louristan
• Parnassius mnemosyne ab. subochracea Bryk, 1912; 87
• Parnassius mnemosyne var. comitis Bryk
• Parnassius mnemosyne sheljuzhkoi Bryk
• Parnassius mnemosyne var. genuica Bryk, 1921; Soc. ent. 36: 17
• Parnassius mnemosyne f. benanderi Bryk, 1921; Soc. ent. 36: 18
• Parnassius mnemosyne apoldi Koch, 1940; Zs. Wiener EntVer. 25: 69

• Driopa (Driopa) mnemosyne; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
• Parnassius mnemosyne adolphi; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 225
• Parnassius mnemosyne athene; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 224; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius mnemosyne calabrica; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 222
• Parnassius mnemosyne cassiensis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 222
• Parnassius mnemosyne comitis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 222
• Parnassius mnemosyne hartmanni; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 222; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius mnemosyne korbi; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius mnemosyne montdorensis; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius mnemosyne nebrodensis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 223
• Parnassius mnemosyne parvisi; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius mnemosyne pseudonubilosus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 224; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius mnemosyne sheljuzhkoi; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 225; [iNaturalist]
• Parnassius mnemosyne vernetensis[sic, vernetanus]; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221
• Parnassius mnemosyne; [SPRK]; Ackery, 1975, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31 (4): 83, pl. 4, f. 25-26, pl. 15, f. 99; [BRU], 136; [BOW]: pl. 1, f. 7; [MRS], 198; [Otakar Kudrna]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Heiner Ziegler] ; [MBE] ; [SVF] ; [Mario Maier]
• subochracea; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 25
• umbratilis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28

500x326 (~30Kb) upperside Finland, A: Lemland, Flaka, 6/1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen	500x431 (~31Kb) upperside Finland, A: Lemland, Flaka, 6/1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen	600x732 (~49Kb) ♂ ♀ Somero 672:30, 22.06.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
750x488 (~36Kb) Somero 672:30, 22.06.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	948x707 (~130Kb) ♂ upperside Russia, Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 15.6.2009, Photo © D. Smirnov	992x654 (~131Kb) ♂ underside Russia, Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 15.6.2009, Photo © D. Smirnov
994x669 (~126Kb) ♀ upperside Russia, Moscow area, 15.6.2011 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	1051x829 (~157Kb) ♀ underside Russia, Moscow area, 18.6.2011 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	717x765 (~156Kb) ♂ ♀ underside Russia, Moscow area, 10.6.2016 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Corydalis solida [SPRK], Corydalis spp. [BRU]

• P. m. mnemosyne

  • osiliensis Viidalepp, 1966
    • = Driopa mnemosyne mnemosyne; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17

  • Driopa mnemosyne mnemosyne; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne mnemosyne; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 220
• P. m. nubilosus Christoph, 1873 Caucasus, Transcaucasus

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. nubilosus Christoph, 1873; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 10 (1): 19; TL: Hyrcania

  • Parnassius mnemosyne nubilosus; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Soc. ent. 25 (13): 51; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 225; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20; [iNaturalist]

  1037x792 (~190Kb) Iran, Tehran, Elborz Mts. S slope, Tochal Mt. S. slope at the higher aerial lift station, 3000 m a.s.l., 2nd June 2017, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. m. giganteus Staudinger, 1886 Alai

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. gigantea Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 197; TL: Russian Turkestan

  • Driopa mnemosyne giganteus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne gigantea; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 225
  • Parnassius mnemosyne giganteus; [iNaturalist]
  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. gigantea; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 211
• P. m. ochracea Austaut, 1891 E.Ghissar

  • Paranassius mnemosyne var. ochracea Austaut, 1891; Naturaliste 13: 180

  • Driopa mnemosyne ochracea; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne ochraceus; ; [iNaturalist]
• P. m. parvus Stichel, 1907

  • Parnassius mnemosyne parvus Stichel, 1907; in Wytsman, Genera Ins. 58: 11; TL: Friesach, Carinthia

  • Parnassius mnemosyne parvus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 223; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (3): 12
• P. m. nivalis Grose-Smith, 1908 Inner Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius nivalis Grose-Smith, 1908; 116; TL: Nary R, Tsian Shan

  • Parnassius mnemosyne gianteus f. nivalis; Bryk, 1935
  • Parnassius mnemosyne nivalis; [iNaturalist]
  • nivalis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 20
• P. m. craspedontis Fruhstorfer, 1908 S.Europe

  • Parnassius mnemosyne craspedontis Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12

  • Driopa mnemosyne craspedontis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne craspedontis; Fruhstorfer, 1909, Ent. Zs. 22 (45): 192; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. m. cuneifer Fruhstorfer, 1908

  • Parnassius mnemosyne cuneifer Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12; TL: Ortlergebiet

  • Parnassius mnemosyne cuneifer; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Soc. ent. 25 (13): 51; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (4): 15; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. m. parmenides Fruhstorfer, 1908

  • Parnassius mnemosyne parmenides Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12; TL: Alpes maritimes

  • Parnassius mnemosyne parmenides; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 222
• P. m. demaculatus Fruhstorfer, 1908

  • Parnassius mnemosyne demaculatus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12; TL: Ungarn, Umgebung von Stuhlweissenburg

  • Parnassius mnemosyne demaculatus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (3): 11; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. m. dinianus Fruhstorfer, 1908

  • Parnassius mnemosyne dinianus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (3): 17; TL: Digne
  • Parnassius mnemosyne parvimacula Rothschild, 1909; 2
    • = ; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21

  • Parnassius mnemosyne dinianus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 222; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 13
• P. m. silesiacus Fruhstorfer, 1908

  • Parnassius mnemosyne silesiacus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (3): 17; TL: Schlesia

  • Parnassius mnemosyne silesiacus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 24
• P. m. mesoleucus Fruhstorfer, 1908

  • Parnassius mnemosyne mesoleucus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (3): 18; TL: Tatra
  • Parnassius mnemosyne melaina Honrath, 1908; 12

  • Parnassius mnemosyne mesoleucus; Fruhstorfer, 1908, Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Soc. ent. 25 (13): 51; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 223; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (3): 11; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
• P. m. tubulus Fruhstorfer, 1908

  • Parnassius mnemosyne tubulus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12; TL: Schobertein in Oberöste reich.

  • Parnassius mnemosyne tubulus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 223; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (3): 12; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. m. fruhstorferi Turati, 1909

  • Parnassius mnemosyne fruhstorferi Turati, 1909; Natur. Sicil. 21 (ns. 1) (1-8): 34, pl. 1, f. 1-2; TL: Italy, Mt. Autore

  • Parnassius mnemosyne fruhstorferi; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 223; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
• P. m. hungaricus Rothschild, 1909

  • Parnassius mnemosyne hungaricus Rothschild, 1909; Novit. Zool. 16 (1): 2; TL: Kronstadt

  • Parnassius mnemosyne hungaricus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 224; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (3): 11; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 16
• P. m. venetus Wagner, 1910

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. venetus Wagner, 1910; Int. Ent. Zs. 4: 208; TL: "Venezianer Alpen, Besco del Causiglio", ca. 1000m

  • Parnassius mnemosyne venetanus[sic, venetus]; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (4): 15
• P. m. symphorus Fruhstorfer, 1910

  • Parnassius mnemosyne symphorus Fruhstorfer, 1910; Ent. Zs. 24 (28): 155; TL: Macugnaga

  • Parnassius mnemosyne symphorus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
• P. m. tergestus Fruhstorfer, 1910

  • Parnassius mnemosyne tergestus Fruhstorfer, 1910; Ent. Zs. 24 (35): 192; TL: Kanton Uri

  • Parnassius mnemosyne tergestus; Fruhstorfer, 1922, Soc. ent. 37 (6): 23; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
• P. m. helvetica Verity, 1911 Switzerland

  • Parnassius mnemosyne helvetica Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 320; TL: Switzerland

  • Parnassius mnemosyne helvetica; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221
• P. m. caucasia Verity, 1911 Bulgaria?

  • Parnassius mnemosyne caucasia Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 320, (30-36): pl. 72, f. 33
  • Parnassius mnemosyne dejotarus Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. 82 A (2): 26, f. 16, 17; TL: [Bulgaria], "Tschamkorija" [Borovets]
    • = ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 10
  • daghestanus Bryk & Eisner, 1934
    • = Driopa mnemosyne caucasia; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne rjabovi Sheljuzhko, 1935; Zs. Öst. EntVer. 20: 22; TL: Daratshitshag
    • = Driopa mnemosyne caucasia; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • teberdinus Eisner, 1954
    • = Driopa mnemosyne caucasia; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne bulgarica Eisner, 1936; Parnassiana 4 (1-2): 9; TL: Pisanec am Lom, 300m, Bulgaria

  • Driopa mnemosyne caucasia; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne bulgarica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11
  • Parnassius mnemosyne caucasica[sic, caucasia]; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 224
  • Parnassius mnemosyne dejotaurus[sic, dejotarus]; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
  • bulgarica; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 13
  • dejoratus; Kudrna, 1985, Nachr. ent. Ver. Apollo, Suppl. 5: 22, 48 (missp.)
  • dejotarus; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 9
  • dejotaurus[sic, dejotarus]; Bryk, 1921, Ent. Tidskr. 42: 113, 115
• P. m. orientalis Verity, 1911 N.Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. gigantea r. orientalis Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 321, pl. 65, f. 12-13; TL: Thian Shan

  • Driopa mnemosyne orientalis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne orientalis; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 225; [iNaturalist]
  • orientalis; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21

  700x480 (~94Kb) upperside Uzbekistan, Kuraminsky Mts, h=2400, 6.1996 Vashchenko S.N. leg, Photo © D. Smirnov

• P. m. hercynianus Pagenstecher, 1911

  • Parnassius mnemosyne hercynianus Pagenstecher, 1911; Jb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 64: 288, 308; TL: Harz Mtns

  • Parnassius mnemosyne hercynianus; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221
• P. m. falsa Pagenstecher, 1911 N.Tian-Shan (Ketmen Mt. range)

  • Parnassius mnemosyne falsa Pagenstecher, 1911; Jb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 64: 305, 307 (Bryk?)

  • Driopa mnemosyne falsus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
• P. m. ariovistus Fruhstorfer, 1911 S.Germany

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ariovistus Fruhstorfer, 1911; Soc. ent. 25 (24): 96; TL: Urach, Württenburg

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ariovistus; Fruhstorfer, 1922, Soc. ent. 37 (4): 16; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 9
• P. m. karjala Bryk, 1911

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. karjala Bryk, 1911; Soc. Ent. 26 (11): 37, f. 1-4; TL: Myllykylä, nr. Sortavala
    • = Driopa mnemosyne mnemosyne; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17

  • Parnassius mnemosyne karjala; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 17
• P. m. problematicus Bryk, 1912 Kopet-Dagh
• P. m. bucharanus Bryk, 1912 W.Ghissar

  • Parnassius mnemosyne bucharana; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 225
• P. m. delgranprincipe Bryk, 1912 Caucasus

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. del granprincipe [= delgranprincipe] Bryk, 1912; Soc. Ent. 27 (20): 88; TL: Adshara
    • = Driopa mnemosyne caucasia; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17

  • Parnassius mnemosyne delgranprincipe; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 225

  1020x790 (~260Kb) ♂ Russian Federation, Adygea Republic, Caucasian nature reserve, Lagonaki Plateau, the Blyam Mt. environs, alpine meadows, 12 July 2008, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

  1152x889 (~317Kb) ♂ Russian Federation, Adygea Republic, Caucasian nature reserve, Lagonaki Plateau, the Blyam Mt. environs, alpine meadows, 12 July 2008, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

• P. m. litavia Bryk, 1914

  • Parnassius mnemosyne litavia; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (3): 11
• P. m. bohemien Bryk, 1914

  • Parnassius mnemosyne bohemien Bryk, 1914; Int. Ent. Zs. 8 (7): 35; TL: Gross Wosek, Böhmen

  • Parnassius mnemosyne bohemicus[sic, bohemien?]; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (3): 11
  • Parnassius mnemosyne bohemien; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 10
• P. m. ugrjumovi Bryk, 1914 Middle Volga, Middle Urals

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. ugrjumovi Bryk, 1914; Berl. ent. Z. 58: 201, pl. 2, f. 1-2; TL: Ural
    • = Driopa mnemosyne mnemosyne; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ugrjumovi; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 221; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. m. borussianus Fruhstorfer, 1916

  • Parnassius mnemosyne borussianus Fruhstorfer, 1916; Soc. ent. 31 (10): 49

  • Parnassius mnemosyne borussianus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 10
• P. m. ophrinion Fruhstorfer, 1917

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ophrinion Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. 82 A (2): 25

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ophrinion; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (4): 15
• P. m. orminion Fruhstorfer, 1917

  • Parnassius mnemosyne orminion Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. 82 A (2): 25

  • Parnassius mnemosyne orminion; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (4): 15
• P. m. leonhardiana Fruhstorfer, 1917

  • Parnassius mnemosyne leonhardiana Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. 82 A (2): 25, f. 20, 21; TL: Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Parnassius mnemosyne bosniacus Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 223; TL: Mahnjaca Mts., Bosnia, 1200m
    • = ; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 10

  • Parnassius mnemosyne leonhardianus; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (4): 15
  • bosniacus; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 10
  • leonhardiana; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 9
• P. m. carmenta Fruhstorfer, 1917

  • Parnassius mnemosyne carmenta Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. 82 A (2): 26; TL: "Voralberg"

  • Parnassius mnemosyne carmenta; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (4): 15; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 11
• P. m. thaleia Fruhstorfer, 1917

  • Parnassius mnemosyne thaleia Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. 82 A (2): 27; TL: Tirol

  • Parnassius mnemosyne thaleia; Fruhstorfer, 1919, Soc. ent. 34 (4): 15; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. m. argiope Fruhstorfer, 1917

  • Parnassius mnemosyne argiope Fruhstorfer, 1917; Archiv Naturg. 82 A (2): 27; TL: Sweden, "Schonen"
• P. m. batava Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius mnemosyne batava Fruhstorfer, 1921; Soc. ent. 36 (11): 41; TL: Umgebung Passau

  • Parnassius mnemosyne batava; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 10
• P. m. fasseliana Fruhstorfer, 1921

  • Parnassius mnemosyne fasseliana Fruhstorfer, 1921; Soc. ent. 36 (11): 41

  • Parnassius mnemosyne fasseliana; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
• P. m. romani Bryk, 1921

  • Parnassius mnemosyne f. romani Bryk, 1921; Soc. ent. 36: 18, f. 3
• P. m. uralka Bryk, 1921 S.Urals

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. uralka Bryk, 1921; Ent. Tidskr. 42: 115, f. 5-7; TL: Uralka nr. Orenburg

  • Driopa mnemosyne uralka; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne uralka; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
  • Parnassius uralka; [iNaturalist]
• P. m. mixtus Fruhstorfer, 1922

  • Parnassius mnemosyne mixtus Fruhstorfer, 1922; Soc. ent. 37 (6): 23; TL: "Wallis vom Rhoneknie bis zum Simplon"

  • Parnassius mnemosyne mixtus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
• P. m. ultrabella Fruhstorfer, 1922

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ultrabella Fruhstorfer, 1922; Soc. ent. 37 (4): 16

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ultrabella; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. m. temora Fruhstorfer, 1922

  • Parnassius mnemosyne temora Fruhstorfer, 1922; Soc. ent. 37 (5): 18; TL: "Talapsee"

  • Parnassius mnemosyne temora; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
• P. m. thebaida Fruhstorfer, 1922

  • Parnassius mnemosyne thebaida Fruhstorfer, 1922; Soc. ent. 37 (8): 31; TL: Tessin

  • Parnassuis mnemosyne thebaida; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. m. esperi Bryk, 1922

  • Parnassius mnemosyne esperi Bryk, 1922; Soc. ent. 37 (4): 15, f. 6-7

  • Parnassius mnemosyne esperi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 13
• P. m. estonicus Bryk, 1922

  • Parnassius mnemosyne f. estonicus Bryk, 1922; Soc. ent. 37 (2): 5
    • = Driopa mnemosyne mnemosyne; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17

  • Parnassius mnemosyne estonicus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 14
• P. m. matuta Bryk, 1922

  • Parnassius mnemosyne matuta Bryk, 1922; Soc. ent. 37 (5): 20

  • Parnassius mnemosyne matuta; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 19
• P. m. adamellicus Kunz, 1922

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. adamellicus Kunz, 1922; Zs. öst. EntVer. 7: 13; TL: Val di Genova, Vanezia Trient

  • Parnassius mnemosyne adamellicus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 8
• P. m. grossei Bryk, 1925

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. grossei Bryk, 1925; Soc. ent. 40 (8): 30

  • Parnassius mnemosyne grossei; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 15
• P. m. wagneri Bryk, 1925

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. wagneri Bryk, 1925; Soc. ent. 40 (8): 30

  • Parnassius mnemosyne wagneri; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 29
• P. m. balcanica Bryk & Eisner, 1930

  • Parnassius mnemosyne balcanica Bryk & Eisner, 1930; Parnassiana 1 (2): 3-4; TL: "Schar-Dagh, Kacanik, [Yugoslavia]

  • balcanica; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 11
• P. m. amanusica Bryk & Eisner, 1931 Syria

  • Parnassius mnemosyne amanusica Bryk & Eisner, 1931; Parnassiana 1 (7/8): 3; TL: Amanaus Mts, Syria

  • Parnassius mnemosyne amanusica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 9
• P. m. angorae Bryk & Eisner, 1931

  • Parnassius mnemosyne angorae Bryk & Eisner, 1931; Parnassiana 1 (7/8): 3; TL: Asia Minor, nr. Yozgat, 5000ft

  • Parnassius mnemosyne angorae; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 9
• P. m. pfeifferi Bryk & Einner, 1931

  • Parnassius mnemosyne pfeifferi Bryk & Einner, 1931; 1

  • Parnassius mnemosyne pfeifferi; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 22
• P. m. republicanus Peebles & Bryk, 1931

  • Parnassius mnemosyne republicanus Peebles & Bryk, 1931; Parnassiana 1 (6): 4

  • Parnassius mnemosyne republicanus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 23; [iNaturalist]
• P. m. compositus Bryk & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius mnemosyne compositus Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 29

  • Parnassius mnemosyne compositus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 12
• P. m. talboti Bryk, 1932

  • Parnassius mnemosyne talboti Bryk, 1932; Parnassiana 2 (3): 33; TL: Zara (Dalmatien) [Croatia, Zadar]

  • Parnassius mnemosyne talboti; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
  • talboti; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 12
• P. m. tadschikistana Bryk, 1932

  • Parnassius mnemosyne tadschikistana Bryk, 1932; Parnassiana 2 (4/5): 46; TL: Tadschikistan, Prov. Kuliab, Sary-poul

  • Parnassius mnemosyne tadschikistana; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
• P. m. parnassia Bryk, 1932

  • Parnassius mnemosyne parnassia Bryk, 1932; Parnassiana 2 (4/5): 46; TL: Parnass, Greece

  • Parnassius mnemosyne parnassia; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 21
  • parnassia; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 53: 12
• P. m. sarafschana Bryk & Eisner, 1932

  • Parnassius mnemosyne sarafschana Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 74

  • Parnassius mnemosyne sarafschana; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 24
• P. m. weidingeri Bryk & Eisner, 1932 C.Europe
• P. m. ucrainica Bryk & Eisner, 1932 W.Europe

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ucrainica Bryk & Eisner, 1932; 33
    • = Driopa mnemosyne mnemosyne; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17

  • Parnassius mnemosyne ucrainica; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 28
• P. m. valentinae Sheljuzhko, 1943 W.Tian-Shan

  • Parnassius mnemosyne valentinae Sheljuzhko, 1943; Zs. Wiener ent. Ges. 28: 82

  • Driopa mnemosyne valentinae; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne valentinae; [iNaturalist]
• P. m. akbesiana Sheljuzhko

  • Parnassius mnemosyne var. nubilosus r. syra Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 321, pl. 65, f. 5; TL: Syria

  • Parnassius mnemosyne akbesiana f. syra; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 26
  • Parnassius mnemosyne syra; Rothschild, 1918, Novit. Zool. 25: 224
• P. m. timanicus Eisner & Sedych, 1964

  • Parnassius mnemosyne timanicus Eisner & Sedych, 1964; Zool. Meded. Leiden 40 (17): 137, pl. 1, f. 1-2

  • Driopa mnemosyne timanicus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
  • Parnassius mnemosyne timanicus; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 27
• P. m. noacki Eisner, 1968

  • Parnassius mnemosyne noacki Eisner, 1968; Zool. Meded. Leiden 43 (2): 10; TL: E.Anatolia
• P. m. rogervarleti Eisner & Epstein, 1968

  • Parnassius mnemosyne rogervarleti Eisner & Epstein, 1968; Zool. Meded. Leiden 43 (2): 16, pl. 1, f. 1-2; TL: Val Lavizarra, Ticino, 800-900m

  • Parnassius mnemosyne rogervarleti; Ackery, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 29: 23
• P. m. taleschensis Ebert, 1975

  • mnemosyne taleschensis Ebert, 1975; J. ent. Soc. Iran 1 (suppl): 6; TL: NW.Iran, Talysch

  • Driopa mnemosyne taleschensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17
• P. m. tjumensis Kreuzberg, 1989

  • mnemosyne tjumensis Kreuzberg, 1989; 36

  • Driopa mnemosyne tjumensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 17