LAMPS - Limited Additional Mechanisms for PKIX and SMIME K. Bashiri Internet-Draft BSI Intended status: Standards Track S. Fluhrer Expires: 26 May 2025 Cisco Systems S. Gazdag genua GmbH D. Van Geest CryptoNext Security S. Kousidis BSI 22 November 2024 Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Algorithm Identifiers for SLH- DSA draft-ietf-lamps-x509-slhdsa-03 Abstract Digital signatures are used within X.509 Public Key Infrastructure such as X.509 certificates, Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs), and to sign messages. This document describes the conventions for using the Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (SLH-DSA) in X.509 Public Key Infrastructure. The conventions for the associated signatures, subject public keys, and private keys are also described. About This Document This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. Status information for this document may be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lamps-x509-slhdsa/. Discussion of this document takes place on the LAMPS Working Group mailing list (mailto:spasm@ietf.org), which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/spasm/. Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/spasm/. Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at https://github.com/x509-hbs/draft-x509-slhdsa. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 1] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 26 May 2025. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Algorithm Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. SLH-DSA Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Subject Public Key Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6. Key Usage Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7. Private Key Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix A. ASN.1 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Appendix B. Security Strengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Appendix C. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 C.1. Example Public Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 C.2. Example Private Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 C.3. Example Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 2] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 1. Introduction The Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (SLH-DSA) is a quantum-resistant digital signature scheme standardized in [FIPS205] by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PQC project [NIST-PQC]. Prior to standardization, the algorithm was known as SPHINCS+. SLH-DSA and SPHINCS+ are not compatible. This document defines the ASN.1 Object Identifiers (OIDs) and conventions for the encoding of SLH-DSA digital signatures, public keys and private keys in the X.509 Public Key Infrastructure. SLH-DSA offers three security levels. The parameters for each of the security levels were chosen to be at least as secure as a generic block cipher of 128, 192, or 256 bits. There are small (s) and fast (f) versions of the algorithm, and the option to use SHA-256 [FIPS180] or SHAKE256 [FIPS202] as internal hash functions. While the fast versions are optimized for key generation and signing speed, they are actually slower at verification than the SLH-DSA small parameter sets. For example, id-slh-dsa-shake-256s represents the 256-bit security level, the small version of the algorithm, and the use of SHAKE256. Separate algorithm identifiers have been assigned for SLH-DSA at each of these security levels, fast vs small, and SHA-256 vs SHAKE256. SLH-DSA signature operations include a context string as input. The context string has a maximum length of 255 bytes. By default, the context string is the empty string. This document only specifies the use of the empty context string for use in the X.509 Public Key Infrastructure. SLH-DSA offers two signature modes: pure mode, where the entire content is signed directly, and pre-hash mode, where a digest of the content is signed. This document uses the term SLH-DSA to refer to the algorithm in general. When a pure or pre-hash mode needs to be differentiated, the terms Pure SLH-DSA and HashSLH-DSA are used. This document specifies the use of Pure SLH-DSA in Public Key Infrastructure X.509 (PKIX) certificates and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) as well as the use of HashSLH-DSA public keys only in end-entity certificates. 2. Conventions and Definitions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 3] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 3. Algorithm Identifiers The AlgorithmIdentifier type, is defined as follows: AlgorithmIdentifier{ALGORITHM-TYPE, ALGORITHM-TYPE:AlgorithmSet} ::= SEQUENCE { algorithm ALGORITHM-TYPE.&id({AlgorithmSet}), parameters ALGORITHM-TYPE. &Params({AlgorithmSet}{@algorithm}) OPTIONAL } | NOTE: The above syntax is from [RFC5912] and is compatible with | the 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680]. See [RFC5280] for the 1988 ASN.1 | syntax. The fields in AlgorithmIdentifier have the following meanings: * algorithm identifies the cryptographic algorithm with an object identifier. * parameters, which are optional, are the associated parameters for the algorithm identifier in the algorithm field. The object identifiers for SLH-DSA are defined in the NIST Computer Security Objects Register [CSOR], and are reproduced here for convenience. The same OID is used to identify an SLH-DSA public key and its associated signature algorithm. The Pure SLH-DSA OIDs are: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 4] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 nistAlgorithms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) 4 } sigAlgs OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { nistAlgorithms 3 } id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 20 } id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 21 } id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 22 } id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 23 } id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 24 } id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 25 } id-slh-dsa-shake-128s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 26 } id-slh-dsa-shake-128f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 27 } id-slh-dsa-shake-192s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 28 } id-slh-dsa-shake-192f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 29 } id-slh-dsa-shake-256s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 30 } id-slh-dsa-shake-256f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 31 } The HashSLH-DSA OIDs are: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 5] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 nistAlgorithms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) 4 } sigAlgs OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { nistAlgorithms 3 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 35 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 36 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 37 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 38 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 39 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 40 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 41 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 42 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 43 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 44 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 45 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 46 } The contents of the parameters component for each algorithm MUST be absent. Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 6] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 4. SLH-DSA Signatures SLH-DSA is a digital signature scheme built upon hash functions. The security of SLH-DSA relies on the presumed difficulty of finding preimages for hash functions as well as several related properties of the same hash functions. Signatures can be placed in a number of different ASN.1 structures. The top level structure for a certificate is given below as being illustrative of how signatures are frequently encoded with an algorithm identifier and a location for the signature. Certificate ::= SIGNED{ TBSCertificate } SIGNED{ToBeSigned} ::= SEQUENCE { toBeSigned ToBeSigned, algorithmIdentifier SEQUENCE { algorithm SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM. &id({SignatureAlgorithms}), parameters SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM. &Params({SignatureAlgorithms} {@algorithmIdentifier.algorithm}) OPTIONAL }, signature BIT STRING (CONTAINING SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM.&Value( {SignatureAlgorithms} {@algorithmIdentifier.algorithm})) } | The above syntax is from [RFC5912] and is compatible with the | 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680]. See [RFC5280] for the 1988 ASN.1 | syntax. The same algorithm identifiers are used for signatures as are used for public keys. When used to identify signature algorithms, the parameters MUST be absent. The data to be signed is prepared for SLH-DSA. Then, a private key operation is performed to generate the raw signature value. Section 9.2 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA signature as three elements, R, SIG_FORS and SIG_HT. The raw octet string encoding of an SLH-DSA public key is the concatenation of these three elements, i.e. R || SIG_FORS || SIG_HT. The raw octet string representing the signature is encoded directly in the BIT STRING without adding any additional ASN.1 wrapping. For example, in the Certificate structure, the raw signature value is encoded in the "signatureValue" BIT STRING field. Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 7] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 This document does not define the use of HashSLH-DSA to sign certificates or CRLs, but it does allow the use of HashSLH-DSA public keys in end-entity certificates for use by protocols that may need pre-hashing. Pre-hashing is performed using the hash algorithm or XOF specified after "with" in the object identifier string. For example, SHA-256 is used for pre-hashing with id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2- 128s-with-sha256. When pre-hashing is performed using SHAKE128, the output length is 256 bits. When pre-hashing is performed using SHAKE256, the output length is 512 bits. 5. Subject Public Key Fields In the X.509 certificate, the subjectPublicKeyInfo field has the SubjectPublicKeyInfo type, which has the following ASN.1 syntax: SubjectPublicKeyInfo {PUBLIC-KEY: IOSet} ::= SEQUENCE { algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier {PUBLIC-KEY, {IOSet}}, subjectPublicKey BIT STRING } | The above syntax is from [RFC5912] and is compatible with the | 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680]. See [RFC5280] for the 1988 ASN.1 | syntax. The fields in SubjectPublicKeyInfo have the following meanings: * algorithm is the algorithm identifier and parameters for the public key (see above). * subjectPublicKey contains the byte stream of the public key. [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] defines the following public key identifiers for Pure SLH-DSA: pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s PUBLIC-KEY ::= { Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 8] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-128s -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-128f -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-192s -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 9] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-192f -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-256s -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-256f -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } SLH-DSA-PublicKey ::= OCTET STRING SLH-DSA-PrivateKey ::= OCTET STRING The public key identifiers for HashSLH-DSA are defined here: pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 10] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 11] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } Section 9.1 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA public key as two n-byte elements, PK.seed and PK.root. The raw octet string encoding of an SLH-DSA public key is the concatenation of these two elements, i.e. PK.seed || PK.root. The octet string length is 2*n bytes, where n is 16, 24, or 32, depending on the SLH-DSA parameter set. When used in a SubjectPublicKeyInfo type, the subjectPublicKey BIT STRING contains the raw octet string encoding of the public key. [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] defines the SLH-DSA-PublicKey and SLH-DSA-PrivateKey ASN.1 OCTET STRING types to provide an option for encoding a Pure SLH-DSA public or private key in an environment that uses ASN.1 encoding but doesn't define its own mapping of an SLH-DSA raw octet string to ASN.1. HashSLH-DSA public and private keys can use SLH-DSA-PublicKey and SLH-DSA-PrivateKey in the same way. To map an SLH-DSA-PublicKey OCTET STRING to a SubjectPublicKeyInfo, the OCTET STRING is mapped to the subjectPublicKey field (a value of type BIT STRING) as follows: the most significant bit of the OCTET STRING value becomes the most significant bit of the BIT STRING value, and so on; the least significant bit of the OCTET STRING becomes the least significant bit of the BIT STRING. The AlgorithmIdentifier for an SLH-DSA public key MUST use one of the id-slh-dsa-* or id-hash-slh-dsa-* object identifiers from Section 3. The parameters field of the AlgorithmIdentifier for the SLH-DSA public key MUST be absent. Appendix C.1 contains an example of an id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s public key encoded using the textual encoding defined in [RFC7468]. Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 12] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 6. Key Usage Bits The intended application for the key is indicated in the keyUsage certificate extension; see Section 4.2.1.3 of [RFC5280]. If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates an id- slh-dsa-* (Pure SLH-DSA) identifier in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then at least one of the following MUST be present: digitalSignature; or nonRepudiation; or keyCertSign; or cRLSign. If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates an id-slh-dsa-* (Pure SLH-DSA) identifier in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then the following MUST NOT be present: keyEncipherment; or dataEncipherment; or keyAgreement; or encipherOnly; or decipherOnly. If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates an id-hash-slh-dsa-* (HashSLH-DSA) identifier in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then at least one of the following MUST be present: digitalSignature; or nonRepudiation. If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates an id-hash-slh-dsa-* (HashSLH-DSA) identifier in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then the following MUST NOT be present: keyCertSign; or cRLSign; or keyEncipherment; or dataEncipherment; or keyAgreement; or encipherOnly; or decipherOnly. Requirements about the keyUsage extension bits defined in [RFC5280] still apply. Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 13] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 7. Private Key Format "Asymmetric Key Packages" [RFC5958] describes how to encode a private key in a structure that both identifies what algorithm the private key is for and optionally allows for the public key and additional attributes about the key to be included as well. For illustration, the ASN.1 structure OneAsymmetricKey is replicated below. OneAsymmetricKey ::= SEQUENCE { version Version, privateKeyAlgorithm PrivateKeyAlgorithmIdentifier, privateKey PrivateKey, attributes [0] IMPLICIT Attributes OPTIONAL, ..., [[2: publicKey [1] IMPLICIT PublicKey OPTIONAL ]], ... } PrivateKey ::= OCTET STRING PublicKey ::= BIT STRING | The above syntax is from [RFC5958] and is compatible with the | 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680]. Section 9.1 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA private key as four n-byte elements, SK.seed, SK.prf, PK.seed and PK.root. The raw octet string encoding of an SLH-DSA private key is the concatenation of these four elements, i.e. SK.seed || SK.prf || PK.seed || PK.root. The octet string length is 4*n bytes, where n is 16, 24, or 32, depending on the SLH-DSA parameter set. When used in a OneAsymmetricKey type, the privateKey OCTET STRING contains the raw octet string encoding of the private key. When an SLH-DSA public key is included in a OneAsymmetricKey type, it is encoded in the same manner as in a SubjectPublicKeyInfo type. That is, the publicKey BIT STRING contains the raw octet string encoding of the public key. Appendix C.2 contains an example of an id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s private key encoded using the textual encoding defined in [RFC7468]. NOTE: There exist some private key import functions that have not picked up the new ASN.1 structure OneAsymmetricKey that is defined in [RFC5958]. This means that they will not accept a private key structure that contains the public key field. This means a balancing act needs to be done between being able to do a consistency check on the key pair and widest ability to import the key. Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 14] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 8. Security Considerations The security considerations of [RFC5280] apply accordingly. Implementations MUST protect the private keys. Compromise of the private keys may result in the ability to forge signatures. When generating an SLH-DSA key pair, an implementation MUST generate each key pair independently of all other key pairs in the SLH-DSA hypertree. An SLH-DSA tree MUST NOT be used for more than 2^64 signing operations. The generation of private keys relies on random numbers. The use of inadequate pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) to generate these values can result in little or no security. An attacker may find it much easier to reproduce the PRNG environment that produced the keys, searching the resulting small set of possibilities, rather than brute force searching the whole key space. The generation of quality random numbers is difficult, and [RFC4086] offers important guidance in this area. Implementers SHOULD consider their particular use cases and may choose to implement OPTIONAL fault attack countermeasures [CMP2018],[Ge2023]. Verifying a signature before releasing the signature value is a typical fault attack countermeasure; however, this countermeasure is not effective for SLH-DSA [Ge2023]. Redundancy by replicating the signature generation process can be used as an effective fault attack countermeasure for SLH-DSA [Ge2023]; however, the SLH-DSA signature generation is already considered slow. Likewise, Implementers SHOULD consider their particular use cases and may choose to implement protections against passive power and emissions side-channel attacks [SLotH]. 9. IANA Considerations For the ASN.1 Module in the Appendix of this document, IANA is requested to assign an object identifier (OID) for the module identifier (TBD1) with a Description of "id-mod-x509-slh-dsa-2024". The OID for the module should be allocated in the "SMI Security for PKIX Module Identifier" registry (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0). 10. References 10.1. Normative References Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 15] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 [CSOR] NIST, "Computer Security Objects Register", 20 August 2024, . [FIPS205] "Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard", National Institute of Standards and Technology, DOI 10.6028/nist.fips.205, August 2024, . [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] Housley, R., Fluhrer, S., Kampanakis, P., and B. Westerbaan, "Use of the SLH-DSA Signature Algorithm in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus-16, 18 November 2024, . [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008, . [RFC5958] Turner, S., "Asymmetric Key Packages", RFC 5958, DOI 10.17487/RFC5958, August 2010, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [X680] ITU-T, "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation", ITU-T Recommendation X.680, ISO/IEC 8824-1:2021, February 2021, . [X690] ITU-T, "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)", ITU-T Recommendation X.690, ISO/IEC 8825-1:2021, February 2021, . Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 16] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 10.2. Informative References [CMP2018] Castelnovi, L., A, Martinelli, and T. Prest, "Grafting Trees: A Fault Attack Against the SPHINCS Framework", Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol 10786, PQCrypto 2018, Post-Quantum Cryptography pp. 165-184, 2018, . [FIPS180] Dang, Q. H. and NIST, "Secure Hash Standard", NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publications 180-4, DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.180-4, July 2015, . [FIPS202] Dworkin, M., Dworkin, M. J., and NIST, "SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based Hash and Extendable-Output Functions", FIPS PUB 202, NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publications 202, DOI 10.6028/nist.fips.202, DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.202, August 2015, . [Ge2023] Genêt, A., "On Protecting SPHINCS+ Against Fault Attacks", TCHES 2023/02, n.d., . [I-D.ietf-lamps-dilithium-certificates] Massimo, J., Kampanakis, P., Turner, S., and B. Westerbaan, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Algorithm Identifiers for ML-DSA", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lamps-dilithium-certificates- 05, 4 November 2024, . [NIST-PQC] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Post- Quantum Cryptography Project", 20 December 2016, . [RFC4086] Eastlake 3rd, D., Schiller, J., and S. Crocker, "Randomness Requirements for Security", BCP 106, RFC 4086, DOI 10.17487/RFC4086, June 2005, . Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 17] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 [RFC5912] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 5912, DOI 10.17487/RFC5912, June 2010, . [RFC7468] Josefsson, S. and S. Leonard, "Textual Encodings of PKIX, PKCS, and CMS Structures", RFC 7468, DOI 10.17487/RFC7468, April 2015, . [RFC8410] Josefsson, S. and J. Schaad, "Algorithm Identifiers for Ed25519, Ed448, X25519, and X448 for Use in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure", RFC 8410, DOI 10.17487/RFC8410, August 2018, . [RFC8411] Schaad, J. and R. Andrews, "IANA Registration for the Cryptographic Algorithm Object Identifier Range", RFC 8411, DOI 10.17487/RFC8411, August 2018, . [SLotH] Saarinen, M-J., "Accelerating SLH-DSA by Two Orders of Magnitude with a Single Hash Unit", 2024, . Appendix A. ASN.1 Module This appendix includes the ASN.1 module [X680] for SLH-DSA. Note that as per [RFC5280], certificates use the Distinguished Encoding Rules; see [X690]. This module imports objects from [RFC5912] and [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]. | RFC EDITOR: Please replace TBD2 with the value assigned by IANA | during the publication of [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]. | Also please replace [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] in the | module with a reference to the published RFC. X509-SLH-DSA-Module-2024 { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) id-mod-x509-slh-dsa-2024(TBD1) } DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN EXPORTS ALL; IMPORTS PUBLIC-KEY, SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM FROM AlgorithmInformation-2009 -- in [RFC5912] Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 18] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) id-mod-algorithmInformation-02(58) } pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f, pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f, pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f, pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128f, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192f, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256f, sa-slh-dsa-shake-128s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-128f, sa-slh-dsa-shake-192s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-192f, sa-slh-dsa-shake-256s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-256f FROM SLH-DSA-Module-2024 -- in [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) id-smime(16) id-mod(0) id-mod-slh-dsa-2024(TBD2) } ; -- -- HashSLH-DSA object identifiers from [CSOR] -- nistAlgorithms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) 4 } sigAlgs OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { nistAlgorithms 3 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 35 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 36 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 37 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 38 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 39 } id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 40 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 19] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 sigAlgs 41 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 42 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 43 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 44 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 45 } id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 46 } -- -- HashSLH-DSA public key identifiers -- pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 20] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 21] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 -- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- CERT-KEY-USAGE { digitalSignature, nonRepudiation } -- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- } -- -- HashSLH-DSA signature algorithm identifiers -- -- EDNOTE: we did not include the optional SMIME-CAPS because -- HashSLH-DSA is not defined for use in CMS. Is this correct -- or should we still include SMIME-CAPS? sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 PARAMS ARE absent Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 22] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 } } sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 PARAMS ARE absent PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 } } -- -- Expand SignatureAlgorithms from RFC 5912 -- SignatureAlgorithms SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= { sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128s | sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128f | sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192s | sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192f | sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256s | sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256f | sa-slh-dsa-shake-128s | sa-slh-dsa-shake-128f | sa-slh-dsa-shake-192s | sa-slh-dsa-shake-192f | sa-slh-dsa-shake-256s | sa-slh-dsa-shake-256f | sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 | Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 23] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 | sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256, ... } -- -- Expand PublicKeyAlgorithms from RFC 5912 -- PublicKeyAlgorithms PUBLIC-KEY ::= { pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s | pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f | pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s | pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f | pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s | pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f | pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s | pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f | pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s | pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f | pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s | pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f | pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 | pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256, ... } END Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 24] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 Appendix B. Security Strengths Instead of defining the strength of a quantum algorithm in a traditional manner using precise estimates of the number of bits of security, NIST defined a collection of broad security strength categories. Each category is defined by a comparatively easy-to- analyze reference primitive that cover a range of security strengths offered by existing NIST standards in symmetric cryptography, which NIST expects to offer significant resistance to quantum cryptanalysis. These categories describe any attack that breaks the relevant security definition that must require computational resources comparable to or greater than those required for: Level 1 - key search on a block cipher with a 128-bit key (e.g., AES128), Level 2 - collision search on a 256-bit hash function (e.g., SHA256/ SHA3-256), Level 3 - key search on a block cipher with a 192-bit key (e.g., AES192), Level 4 - collision search on a 384-bit hash function (e.g. SHA384/SHA3-384), Level 5 - key search on a block cipher with a 256-bit key (e.g., AES 256). The SLH-DSA parameter sets defined for NIST security levels 1, 3 and 5 are listed in Table 1, along with the resulting signature size, public key, and private key sizes in bytes. The HashSLH-DSA parameter sets have the same values as the Pure SLH-DSA equivalents. Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 25] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 +=======================+============+=======+==========+=======+ | OID | NIST Level | Sig. | Pub. Key | Priv. | | | | | | Key | +=======================+============+=======+==========+=======+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s | 1 | 7856 | 32 | 64 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f | 1 | 17088 | 32 | 64 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s | 3 | 16224 | 48 | 96 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f | 3 | 35664 | 48 | 96 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s | 5 | 29792 | 64 | 128 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f | 5 | 49856 | 64 | 128 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-128s | 1 | 7856 | 32 | 64 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-128f | 1 | 17088 | 32 | 64 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-192s | 3 | 16224 | 48 | 96 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-192f | 3 | 35664 | 48 | 96 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-256s | 5 | 29792 | 64 | 128 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ | id-slh-dsa-shake-256f | 5 | 49856 | 64 | 128 | +-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+ Table 1: SLH-DSA security strengths Appendix C. Examples This appendix contains examples of SLH-DSA public keys, private keys and certificates. C.1. Example Public Key An example of a SLH-DSA public key using id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s: -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MDAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUAyEAK4EJ7Hd8qk4fAkzPz5SX2ZGAUJKA9CVq8rB6+AKJ tJQ= -----END PUBLIC KEY----- Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 26] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 0 48: SEQUENCE { 2 11: SEQUENCE { 4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 4 3 20' : } 15 33: BIT STRING : 2B 81 09 EC 77 7C AA 4E 1F 02 4C CF CF 94 97 D9 : 91 80 50 92 80 F4 25 6A F2 B0 7A F8 02 89 B4 94 : } C.2. Example Private Key An example of a SLH-DSA private key without the public key using id- slh-dsa-sha2-128s: -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MFICAQAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUBECiJjvKRYYINlIxYASVI9YhZ3+tkNUetgZ6Mn4N HmSlASuBCex3fKpOHwJMz8+Ul9mRgFCSgPQlavKwevgCibSU -----END PRIVATE KEY----- 0 82: SEQUENCE { 2 1: INTEGER 0 5 11: SEQUENCE { 7 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 4 3 20' : } 18 64: OCTET STRING : A2 26 3B CA 45 86 08 36 52 31 60 04 95 23 D6 21 : 67 7F AD 90 D5 1E B6 06 7A 32 7E 0D 1E 64 A5 01 : 2B 81 09 EC 77 7C AA 4E 1F 02 4C CF CF 94 97 D9 : 91 80 50 92 80 F4 25 6A F2 B0 7A F8 02 89 B4 94 : } C.3. Example Certificate An example of a self-signed SLH-DSA certificate using id-slh-dsa- sha2-128s: Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 43:85:63:a2:69:01:99:2c:39:cf:bc:40:57:1b:5f:a3: cc:c7:88:45 Signature Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s Issuer: C=FR, L=Paris, O=Bogus SLH-DSA-SHA2-128s CA Validity Not Before: Oct 16 13:42:12 2024 GMT Not After : Oct 14 13:42:12 2034 GMT Subject: C=FR, L=Paris, O=Bogus SLH-DSA-SHA2-128s CA Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 27] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s slhdsa_sha2_128s public key: PQ key material: 2b:81:09:ec:77:7c:aa:4e:1f:02:4c:cf:cf:94:97: d9:91:80:50:92:80:f4:25:6a:f2:b0:7a:f8:02:89: b4:94 X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: CD:59:36:AA:FE:C4:11:C7:A4:72:69:3F:0B:E8:B3:8B: 21:7B:19:ED X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: CD:59:36:AA:FE:C4:11:C7:A4:72:69:3F:0B:E8:B3:8B: 21:7B:19:ED X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical CA:TRUE X509v3 Key Usage: critical Certificate Sign, CRL Sign Signature Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s Signature Value: aa:a0:51:de:b0:c3:14:d0:cd:fb:12:46:a2:31:20:c9:ed:ab: 3f:dc:57:a5:fb:45:f6:f0:3b:7f:e3:5a:8c:b5:87:1e:1f:0b: 15:9f:aa:56:68:43:7e:ea:23:05:21:d1:33:cb:84:61:55:7e: 39:74:18:3c:ea:8e:01:a4:8d:9a:fb:35:74:69:c9:62:35:7f: 0e:34:01:1c:90:41:97:13:ff:c5:a4:65:ae:0f:bf:9b:32:d2: 2a:2c:97:86:2d:49:eb:ba:ae:9a:70:e7:35:67:3f:0a:7e:3a: dd:0b:66:4e:f8:45:b2:e6:d8:70:ab:fb:72:60:eb:85:ae:62: 3c:a4:bf:3c:7a:e5:dd:4a:24:e2:4e:d0:b5:3b:c3:ac:e9:26: f8:6c:ca:3b:e1:46:15:7f:18:c5:41:40:90:73:b9:19:63:86: 23:3a:b2:7f:12:3a:5f:bb:c3:10:6c:4e:b2:62:ee:3b:4b:c5: e2:69:24:74:3e:6e:81:e2:68:48:c8:27:25:bc:b2:ac:da:a8: ae:75:5a:5c:09:22:1c:be:95:0a:0b:5e:0c:08:49:42:3a:0d: 2d:fb:89:3b:b3:15:de:ee:e7:b2:5e:1f:a6:f0:4a:f6:65:c1: 5d:5e:05:7a:6d:2a:e7:c2:c3:20:37:ce:ab:0f:6c:ea:c9:39: f3:28:d1:75:81:31:7f:01:e2:09:c8:56:81:50:cf:4e:fa:82: 1a:60:3e:87:bf:61:ca:a0:40:27:95:bf:f8:4f:04:b1:fd:1f: 7f:ce:29:fa:15:5c:ef:94:9a:f6:f0:0c:7f:09:7f:ec:b6:36: 26:83:69:aa:2d:69:9e:17:7a:15:aa:9b:51:43:c1:90:7c:c9: 69:3a:5a:b1:ee:77:c9:28:e7:21:d8:93:0a:80:19:9c:5e:b7: 61:5f:14:6c:9a:00:22:aa:4d:b8:86:03:b5:83:4a:e9:f3:5a: 76:cc:a3:3b:e4:13:94:f7:56:96:56:33:dd:19:d9:3d:8d:55: ab:99:e5:00:24:f7:ff:f4:ee:08:47:8d:43:b3:f4:e3:3a:d5: 12:ef:04:00:99:62:a1:5e:cd:5f:9f:90:f3:c2:8e:35:9b:8a: 46:ec:54:4e:13:20:59:5f:63:d9:61:b1:e2:c4:36:d2:e5:27: 56:1f:53:59:9c:24:ec:6a:79:2b:1d:6a:f2:93:38:d8:eb:7a: cd:d7:8a:c8:98:d4:87:61:bf:79:3c:2a:64:42:0f:5b:15:b4: bd:c0:c7:c4:de:20:4c:bb:d8:0f:61:2e:aa:67:e1:a7:ff:0d: b7:dd:05:cf:5c:cb:0c:46:26:e0:d9:48:cb:45:76:27:88:51: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 28] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 49:df:4c:16:65:8c:1a:84:82:09:f3:d4:ee:c4:2a:17:a9:7b: c0:77:24:fd:4f:00:98:12:ed:10:e7:67:c3:7d:54:78:0f:c8: 67:7f:f4:f2:80:2b:1b:34:0c:fa:5f:c4:12:85:1c:5f:e6:84: 8d:ce:12:e7:ae:f5:ef:eb:96:5f:62:6f:87:3a:35:67:ca:d8: ad:b5:55:0b:0d:06:91:d3:9d:1a:96:2e:67:d8:b1:0e:8f:07: 3f:7b:d6:fe:b5:76:62:19:83:f6:d2:08:35:3b:9f:1d:0a:f7: 14:d2:45:50:70:5c:91:cc:b5:0f:4b:ef:79:ef:d3:c7:bd:02: 7a:fa:8b:83:cd:31:07:b0:f7:8a:79:c4:68:19:de:01:f8:73: 1a:6d:8a:c7:54:c8:4b:9a:40:53:e3:4b:e4:bd:3a:52:50:c6: de:de:19:d7:9e:a8:88:70:f1:70:a6:11:55:b0:46:5e:40:37: b2:90:5c:91:76:bd:20:1d:24:db:71:33:81:b8:47:ef:ec:7e: 78:d2:25:2b:4b:e2:6e:01:81:d4:12:ff:40:ff:e0:d7:90:29: 85:80:e6:4a:f5:5b:32:6c:b7:05:1c:20:27:e0:98:57:80:e7: a2:97:cb:91:ce:d9:c1:a3:5f:dc:24:7f:b8:f5:5c:da:91:83: e5:ae:8c:65:73:84:6a:5b:c9:3f:97:51:7d:cc:3f:d6:39:e1: 71:f1:54:8d:1f:4f:33:70:cc:07:f8:03:70:be:8c:81:e1:5d: 73:c1:9c:be:7c:3d:69:c0:cc:72:90:cf:65:38:35:71:16:ae: 1d:e2:a6:08:c8:7b:dd:c0:30:f4:b4:2a:45:fc:05:e6:1c:ef: af:f3:53:03:2f:76:b5:7b:f1:a9:7d:16:33:b1:b5:c2:4f:9b: 55:7b:0d:22:f6:08:4b:38:b2:67:4e:d9:f8:f1:65:03:d6:5a: 1f:1f:8b:cb:da:78:fc:7b:52:a5:d7:1b:35:b2:cd:06:7e:1e: 1d:8b:60:40:91:74:2f:91:c9:c6:c7:c4:01:f5:2f:10:c2:ea: ab:84:f6:f6:2e:fc:77:c1:85:28:90:a5:11:dc:ed:07:78:c2: 74:9c:60:86:69:40:3c:17:9b:3a:e5:e8:65:22:c2:7f:d9:88: be:43:6a:31:90:d5:23:37:eb:93:70:e4:bc:34:94:4f:af:a4: c1:6f:f3:30:1b:c6:e1:f5:f1:d8:7b:a4:4e:6e:69:be:82:d0: 80:a8:ae:99:44:e1:d6:fa:45:e5:05:a5:52:0a:5d:60:17:3a: 1e:2e:dd:2e:b4:86:93:31:93:0f:ca:5f:05:52:8e:31:15:e8: 8b:30:88:33:d7:da:91:52:40:3c:d7:18:bc:72:8d:88:b2:65: c5:fe:0a:7c:50:44:7e:0f:b6:52:53:8b:28:fc:5b:fa:93:54: 36:ca:e1:c1:6b:7f:46:13:de:05:7d:be:33:8d:67:52:ba:6d: af:4b:ee:01:0b:c7:56:21:7d:16:bd:19:83:90:c8:14:51:8b: fb:83:c1:a5:ca:69:5a:ae:d9:f1:a7:dc:f7:53:9f:f6:a3:43: 94:fb:38:86:1f:2a:0f:50:cf:8d:bc:36:51:ce:8e:af:80:fe: b5:80:f8:43:73:ea:3a:d7:a2:a4:b6:73:3a:5a:6b:48:a7:31: a3:d3:42:3a:fc:2e:b0:29:d2:67:8a:9a:d1:26:95:08:0b:61: 3f:71:ee:b1:96:f4:49:0c:d7:3b:50:61:6c:15:ca:31:31:dc: 0d:fc:d8:5f:a1:26:d3:e2:43:cd:13:39:4a:50:2d:64:57:bf: 02:a8:5c:54:4a:d4:37:45:f2:09:fd:cf:53:67:19:e9:92:a4: cd:1b:82:09:2c:4d:29:30:80:c1:23:8b:ca:1c:38:c6:11:8f: a2:3c:2c:7f:86:25:c9:fe:a3:1a:fc:82:ab:69:e9:b5:37:b1: 0e:9a:99:10:cd:a7:b6:52:9f:c6:e4:6e:08:f1:90:cd:14:b8: c2:e0:a9:58:2e:8a:4c:52:df:d5:ee:8a:57:ce:82:57:a6:89: 0f:74:20:4c:22:1d:02:c9:04:52:68:78:f3:59:c9:c3:60:85: 92:01:30:75:a0:eb:29:2b:66:55:b7:48:4a:df:8f:ba:df:a8: bc:d9:45:5c:eb:04:a8:c3:94:b6:bb:1d:05:19:48:9b:ae:8d: 63:2d:ba:d6:d3:5e:e5:7a:40:b6:05:74:a1:b0:7a:b7:d7:b4: 67:d6:d6:ac:f5:05:6f:53:45:a6:ed:e0:0c:b3:0c:32:c6:89: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 29] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 fb:42:7b:11:74:94:25:dc:01:7c:bb:4e:4f:4f:97:54:28:b0: fb:48:66:87:3a:d0:da:18:bf:aa:13:0c:6a:d3:c7:3e:11:26: 43:e8:40:b3:57:29:00:70:00:af:58:b0:75:83:9e:b9:4b:5b: 39:f1:7f:3f:89:8d:1d:0b:1a:78:4d:e5:8c:e6:07:86:75:23: 1b:14:1f:cd:04:4d:98:d1:cd:f5:4f:1d:00:55:fb:f8:c7:92: f5:ee:5e:c5:f3:24:84:22:ee:11:48:91:4b:51:f7:87:a8:9c: a0:9a:48:bc:93:f5:3c:1c:7e:d9:ac:15:1c:1f:b7:f9:b9:66: 9f:f4:e5:58:4a:f9:7e:5c:3f:a3:5a:20:54:be:57:74:74:65: 80:0d:f4:30:a9:0d:53:e6:71:52:f9:7e:f4:02:24:e5:b4:21: 0b:bc:13:2e:67:00:bd:64:54:8b:82:b4:64:f8:52:46:b2:f2: 37:5d:32:49:8a:be:19:4e:21:a7:cc:9a:19:29:c9:57:aa:fe: db:4a:ef:e0:a1:06:1a:5f:58:4c:97:ae:fe:ac:16:a0:e3:a7: 60:ef:b6:bf:80:67:35:c8:6c:fe:11:16:18:bd:04:90:32:b6: 75:64:13:55:b2:2e:c6:df:2f:b7:35:d6:3c:f1:ab:4c:1e:da: c2:4f:fc:24:f2:92:ce:64:dd:ef:70:7a:ae:26:07:01:61:9f: e6:2e:fe:e4:35:8c:d5:ee:e2:be:fd:3b:8f:c4:dc:5c:50:4c: 5a:2e:aa:14:c4:0e:b5:81:13:55:d0:85:81:16:3d:ce:03:f0: 2b:25:39:b6:f9:ce:ff:c0:f5:4d:77:60:86:03:25:ff:dd:57: cb:fd:28:fd:e2:8e:bb:7c:fb:49:46:9c:2c:0e:34:74:cf:d2: b8:45:be:fd:c1:2a:6b:8e:30:48:c3:a7:41:67:04:78:68:9d: 81:1c:35:f4:93:5a:1f:47:ab:3a:34:5e:4e:2d:43:2b:f4:52: bc:58:34:52:15:53:36:19:c9:b0:bc:57:7c:95:b3:86:ee:7e: 68:9f:73:b2:09:30:4f:f8:90:ae:0b:8d:f4:f4:d1:47:1b:e8: d1:03:85:92:2d:8a:60:ab:30:f3:ea:26:5e:37:e9:90:b6:2d: f6:08:1f:bc:fd:13:5a:fd:a9:29:7c:ab:58:10:d9:6d:3b:27: 75:31:f4:74:a8:e8:70:00:a3:63:f1:8c:b4:97:22:2b:d0:f8: e0:b2:6e:4f:4a:96:d5:f0:3d:fe:73:e1:c8:ba:fb:a8:96:bf: 01:c2:63:70:fa:dd:97:e5:c9:8f:00:04:5d:fa:c0:39:68:ba: e5:dc:aa:7b:3d:bd:25:aa:43:e2:02:a1:57:2b:78:74:80:f8: d6:ea:a2:44:7f:1e:35:46:cb:7d:2f:83:dc:7a:25:87:e0:27: ce:df:12:15:83:b6:26:2a:f9:4e:22:18:ca:69:7d:e3:68:86: 08:40:fa:45:1b:a5:3d:63:a1:aa:19:ca:83:3d:2e:4b:13:4d: 58:26:62:f2:ef:3c:6b:13:cc:99:95:21:c2:c7:f5:af:08:ef: a0:21:1a:4b:e9:f4:1c:4d:46:72:88:22:8b:aa:b5:dc:fe:3b: e6:8d:b9:51:8d:45:f4:70:13:68:a2:2b:0a:9c:82:16:64:fc: 3a:5a:2a:19:a6:fe:92:34:65:e2:6a:9c:a5:93:24:21:b4:b6: 50:b8:04:31:02:1c:df:4f:b8:9c:b6:3b:19:66:26:aa:c0:33: fd:9b:fb:02:2f:c8:07:8c:1f:66:8a:f6:f3:c5:0b:74:ce:75: c4:94:34:80:60:53:c1:42:09:2d:21:fb:25:b4:ff:c1:00:30: f1:c8:ad:ce:62:c6:1d:d7:94:cc:0f:7b:2a:00:be:b3:f3:c8: 3f:e5:88:af:6d:19:90:31:71:96:d6:8c:5b:34:b8:85:b5:42: f2:fb:17:a0:83:bb:6a:61:86:f0:ef:1f:db:ce:00:2f:90:aa: ee:07:97:59:56:85:96:1c:97:6b:ca:d4:7d:9a:bd:dc:01:52: dd:1c:bc:82:5e:81:08:91:36:85:7f:3e:12:63:59:aa:03:10: b3:03:2d:ad:17:7d:61:91:d6:e1:b9:2e:39:54:27:8a:a4:91: 87:ba:33:54:28:52:0d:46:f0:e7:63:40:6d:15:76:11:51:28: 1b:5f:94:ea:30:6f:00:34:a6:d8:42:c4:32:a0:36:1b:55:04: 90:87:8e:2e:04:47:f1:25:c8:fb:d4:58:79:36:5c:b9:81:18: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 30] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 c5:ff:16:ab:fe:b8:01:0a:fb:4a:93:3d:9b:c5:82:d5:1f:bf: 95:ea:aa:36:ef:c5:f8:d8:ab:f7:ca:c8:49:dc:30:fb:34:9d: 81:e2:7c:6c:06:78:34:a9:aa:44:74:9f:42:a5:c5:91:9f:41: c4:f1:79:7e:0d:cd:36:d5:21:32:5d:82:4d:b3:80:0d:72:19: ab:2a:0e:de:f4:22:ce:48:b7:b2:44:02:f1:99:b1:bf:79:dd: 49:0b:bf:3e:f8:b9:a5:e3:28:8d:8f:89:b3:d8:bc:97:cb:2e: f8:c0:8f:f0:10:cd:00:2f:df:bc:bb:ab:e0:77:de:d9:44:17: 8e:70:f0:07:e1:9d:c5:a5:fb:91:ee:3d:ee:f4:98:9d:67:10: 04:3a:a6:f2:03:fc:e8:05:53:ee:00:29:3c:84:ff:35:f4:df: 93:74:82:16:ec:58:25:43:81:01:b2:68:d2:a7:51:ed:97:ed: c2:06:1e:eb:8d:75:cf:11:30:b0:f7:0f:c1:d2:c1:f1:43:5d: 42:70:fa:c1:f9:2a:eb:a2:af:00:07:cb:99:ca:cb:9a:50:85: c3:63:76:d3:ad:f5:ef:d4:f0:c9:75:a4:4b:88:4b:32:81:c3: 43:97:bf:a8:0b:c0:5a:23:b4:28:46:4c:04:70:36:88:ee:eb: f5:26:b2:99:05:cc:6b:0a:0e:f9:06:73:fd:c3:be:37:c7:26: 29:11:62:d4:20:e0:06:f2:68:c3:57:db:bf:85:e6:2f:cb:f1: 81:96:88:70:9e:a2:6a:42:02:fc:79:90:f6:c9:b0:fb:b3:6e: a5:68:c4:ee:bb:8c:87:6c:81:20:15:a8:7f:1b:ba:f7:2e:b2: f7:5f:a3:c0:03:44:ce:e2:27:f2:04:d0:c0:b2:7d:be:b3:11: 4e:e9:77:7c:be:83:94:03:13:75:2f:c4:d4:8a:e9:bc:a3:fa: 6d:5c:72:fa:62:86:17:e2:db:97:88:ca:6c:4c:ad:68:2b:57: cf:f5:b6:92:2e:02:2e:82:d1:5c:9f:3b:8e:e9:e5:8d:76:7c: 65:9d:57:e5:2b:df:c9:ca:b1:8c:ec:86:e7:09:95:de:73:57: 4e:ec:af:62:47:45:79:c6:fd:09:32:d9:5b:73:de:67:44:39: 28:a3:ff:1d:8f:22:61:04:48:84:fb:f0:44:04:0f:01:1b:ad: bf:9f:ff:34:2c:83:3d:d6:85:3c:9b:82:ef:47:c7:ab:a2:e2: 9e:ac:71:eb:d6:5e:a7:d8:e0:79:53:39:29:15:0e:a6:b9:56: 39:93:16:7f:0a:48:00:6d:36:0a:2a:4a:11:ef:80:d7:43:c4: f0:06:e2:a2:49:9a:e6:2d:c5:fd:46:96:a8:83:45:22:b5:c7: 55:dc:cf:3f:84:8e:0b:69:7c:dc:e0:30:1a:1f:a6:14:d6:42: d3:0f:91:4b:6c:3f:2f:f9:64:25:bb:e4:83:b9:44:80:b3:6c: c7:f2:3e:58:a3:61:7a:1a:04:61:d8:a2:8c:e7:43:d7:eb:f4: 90:48:90:30:dc:c1:55:b3:eb:4b:68:09:af:62:79:d7:f6:09: 61:89:b7:6b:37:3e:09:4e:d5:d7:e3:05:b1:4b:f0:e5:1f:6b: 3e:f0:6b:eb:2a:8d:1d:ae:f6:87:c6:70:f2:74:fa:92:46:1d: d6:7e:d6:ab:1a:d3:de:11:71:be:f0:a1:e3:05:82:4e:3a:a1: 2e:d2:2b:c4:92:0e:a3:70:10:3f:df:c4:cc:52:97:f7:4c:a6: 5a:7b:cc:e8:74:5a:47:12:42:73:d8:5b:09:7e:31:a9:68:33: 77:f6:d1:72:72:a3:22:e2:d9:6e:c5:fc:f2:30:d5:85:c5:c2: 50:79:10:a6:9f:15:50:31:a4:87:d7:cb:da:b9:5f:37:ab:fe: 7f:09:25:e5:c3:1e:c0:d6:78:20:a0:21:20:10:6f:3c:d0:bd: 46:fe:bc:ad:df:25:27:8d:f4:0d:0c:4d:b2:30:b1:70:8e:aa: 25:9f:80:b9:60:b7:79:b2:25:be:a5:df:ee:ed:8c:ac:87:c9: 69:3f:ea:e5:cf:4d:d1:44:73:7f:a7:4e:9b:69:64:df:da:8a: 57:53:11:0e:54:fd:af:ca:4c:6d:e0:ad:56:1f:7f:c5:07:00: 8b:e4:b3:09:53:af:a4:db:e1:a1:c4:e1:c0:d6:70:d4:2d:e8: d4:bd:38:94:c7:93:39:64:71:50:6d:a5:30:7d:fe:1e:61:d0: a1:26:bb:6a:f8:32:63:05:37:65:bb:23:97:06:13:c6:d6:46: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 31] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 b5:83:fd:d3:9b:a3:94:ec:67:8e:9c:bb:9e:af:0b:df:e8:28: ed:45:ff:a4:8c:d9:f9:e3:30:dd:20:f2:3d:ad:4f:d0:b9:2b: 17:bf:d0:4a:8e:03:8d:a2:1f:16:fa:fe:87:eb:3c:57:7d:f8: 78:f9:2d:74:d4:82:d8:53:e0:91:b6:83:6f:73:79:ca:d9:ca: 83:ed:84:75:10:e0:5e:fa:a7:0f:a1:9b:67:21:d0:9a:b0:90: 83:68:3c:99:97:69:42:11:2c:51:b9:6f:5c:03:1f:2e:ee:78: b7:3a:14:db:d8:9d:17:69:9a:ad:9e:80:d5:d7:de:fe:3b:18: ee:a6:7d:9f:3b:6f:30:67:74:a1:f4:ff:fb:68:ad:e4:ec:8f: 7f:5b:02:46:62:26:10:6a:88:b1:a7:89:d1:87:00:a4:95:84: 96:9e:b4:1f:bf:f1:6f:67:b6:3f:d5:c2:5c:1f:41:10:cd:06: a5:e8:fe:e2:1e:52:e3:5c:46:b9:c4:e9:18:aa:78:e0:4b:78: 82:78:ac:3d:59:fd:24:40:44:01:d6:ad:6b:87:bd:11:a1:c1: bd:f2:a9:cc:be:ae:05:52:7b:bd:86:63:d6:9e:bd:52:3c:25: dc:a4:bb:73:bc:0c:04:04:c1:0c:e9:6e:d1:26:c3:50:ac:98: fb:4b:49:c5:69:ed:d8:30:bb:7c:d2:6e:d3:76:5a:13:0c:82: 28:cf:40:5c:0e:16:24:e8:82:5d:2a:f0:87:89:23:99:2d:7e: 6a:85:a1:dd:ab:78:1b:e6:cf:76:bc:fe:26:b2:26:a5:a7:e1: d4:44:a3:ff:20:ad:84:73:5b:26:b2:3a:15:c9:c4:02:9d:fb: b2:2b:cf:b5:f2:a3:7e:99:de:f9:d9:93:f7:8b:16:e3:04:4f: c4:bc:4d:67:9b:3f:ba:2d:79:7a:47:f1:ea:d8:36:cf:5d:eb: f7:b3:ae:0c:e0:62:f8:f6:2c:d0:29:91:8a:fa:68:bf:20:57: ef:79:0d:71:62:f7:a7:25:c7:77:f2:03:48:2d:95:73:7b:ba: c0:f5:62:7b:bb:0d:06:b6:88:74:a4:b4:7e:48:b9:a6:6d:92: 78:3d:87:4e:68:44:d6:45:23:c9:7b:04:02:7e:c7:40:7f:a0: 41:fc:24:8e:e5:43:19:f4:65:b2:a5:e7:73:27:03:b4:52:0e: de:33:12:62:ed:b6:c3:2b:19:cd:a0:69:0b:cb:63:eb:85:83: a1:16:a9:2b:72:c1:e7:c6:63:7f:a4:41:6e:19:61:3b:78:ba: db:6a:18:5c:f4:b1:5d:a5:5d:df:38:fd:5f:80:cf:cf:f0:95: e1:b1:bc:7a:2e:2c:ff:04:00:5e:c7:79:1c:47:e0:a7:57:de: 1b:e6:69:13:7a:3b:cf:a0:d8:69:16:f2:9e:45:e6:b1:7d:9f: f7:47:25:d9:1f:50:0a:6e:dd:da:53:e0:4d:52:91:33:87:8a: 3f:37:ef:7a:eb:1a:98:a0:55:e0:f9:e5:f2:03:1f:e2:eb:e5: 30:6c:0c:4b:75:a4:cf:40:87:da:30:49:25:e1:25:fd:38:ce: 44:20:e3:75:7f:25:2b:7b:dd:b2:02:d7:e2:0f:96:a4:bb:cf: 0c:df:16:e7:5b:91:46:31:bc:4d:18:b6:ca:33:a1:5b:e6:70: 95:03:40:79:a9:12:a9:1d:09:e8:38:d7:d4:7d:c3:a8:25:6c: c2:aa:0b:78:19:5b:16:cb:8a:24:4f:b2:7a:ca:87:68:85:9b: 22:17:50:ea:fd:28:ae:45:f7:b6:ba:76:de:49:ce:9f:a4:48: b1:bb:f1:ba:f8:88:8e:14:1e:2f:2d:53:79:bf:32:0e:fc:19: 20:b1:ba:12:68:5d:8c:d8:3c:3c:d6:63:8a:2e:8b:e4:7c:75: 05:27:a8:e9:e0:5b:be:87:77:d5:b3:88:74:db:cd:5f:59:10: 5c:9c:44:e1:d4:7d:bf:36:ec:fb:70:95:bf:a7:1b:d9:a8:ee: fd:d7:91:4d:72:b1:d1:72:87:0b:02:58:22:23:cb:b1:72:36: 04:47:33:a6:39:99:34:fa:73:6a:e1:b9:21:17:7a:04:5b:23: 64:65:9f:bf:14:e6:8d:4e:70:1b:9e:19:af:9b:98:3e:6f:13: 2e:35:a5:90:a7:c6:24:8a:b6:d0:0a:a1:60:eb:40:cf:7b:c5: 03:87:e2:a7:76:8a:10:5b:4e:75:c1:3e:ad:37:1e:ff:46:59: a8:b1:6e:c4:fe:65:81:61:67:6d:83:51:9f:22:58:1f:a2:e1: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 32] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 39:dd:d4:33:74:22:90:cb:93:bf:65:a6:5a:8d:92:db:9e:9a: 60:1e:96:5f:5d:66:13:b8:f3:82:fb:13:5a:ea:3c:e9:1f:5d: d7:b4:7f:18:99:38:d3:1e:49:83:26:a8:ec:c0:13:98:af:a2: cf:2d:2a:4a:4a:7e:32:fc:20:b5:84:c0:2f:d6:0c:40:5a:ad: 34:db:fc:d5:f3:8c:5e:ce:cd:15:fb:68:d4:60:c4:0e:fa:9c: f1:7e:0b:c2:95:cf:e1:1f:6b:4b:b4:8b:7d:1b:05:45:8e:65: 62:d8:24:4f:c9:31:f5:9e:1b:3a:d3:cd:47:05:93:e0:91:89: 9f:7e:87:50:a9:0a:4b:28:df:00:55:01:7f:58:f6:d4:8a:17: c2:60:1a:56:2a:49:9c:8d:11:25:7e:42:e7:60:90:20:f7:3e: 12:25:7b:82:05:49:d5:2f:88:cf:73:db:09:7e:0f:f1:7d:c6: a4:0f:dc:3d:5f:25:a4:2b:e1:74:7d:70:5a:a5:b4:67:6c:66: 74:c4:86:01:30:af:d5:e9:fa:49:72:38:3b:00:95:de:fb:c6: ae:ee:c8:d0:af:b2:14:8f:9d:da:32:5f:9e:e7:85:76:a9:1a: 7c:d3:69:8b:02:4b:3c:ff:51:3b:a0:80:69:f0:95:01:10:ae: ba:94:a9:59:ce:a0:90:af:8d:f5:db:45:63:0b:4f:8a:fb:96: db:26:66:da:b8:e2:cf:7e:15:47:c8:10:03:46:8c:3b:bf:46: 0c:29:e6:7d:80:42:3a:c2:8d:38:b4:48:2d:2c:96:a1:37:71: 13:9c:72:00:02:ff:a4:79:ff:74:5a:31:ba:a6:3a:24:08:bf: 8e:41:b4:48:6f:bc:43:85:31:7d:b9:ca:06:60:76:fb:a7:d1: a3:af:ad:d0:a7:cb:07:02:08:ba:b7:ce:ab:06:56:28:5d:31: 79:2c:db:10:52:55:4c:65:53:10:ce:1e:5f:0e:e5:15:25:c4: e0:78:12:3c:d2:0c:89:f3:60:dd:f1:ef:8b:ec:7e:8a:9b:2c: 58:9b:1f:7b:f0:d3:dd:47:d7:49:5f:11:fa:ed:7a:72:1c:84: 6c:06:0f:76:44:a8:e6:2f:24:1b:3f:66:46:3c:e7:c6:7f:e3: 06:1b:5e:7c:e6:d6:67:08:34:f3:64:2c:fd:30:9d:d8:e2:75: 14:95:91:d0:0f:4c:d9:f0:95:43:42:b2:15:db:4f:3d:15:cb: 60:6c:22:f8:fb:e0:c4:43:1c:d0:71:9d:10:9b:f6:76:c3:d4: e8:f1:d8:62:b3:b3:8f:f4:e2:69:a5:fd:e3:0a:23:e6:4e:9b: 0f:a5:2c:a1:09:01:ce:27:26:94:a7:90:c0:e8:0e:82:98:43: 44:87:9d:34:57:73:b5:b7:35:fa:a3:af:47:cf:09:48:27:79: d3:c6:1b:04:7a:08:df:a6:78:0f:6a:2e:5c:e5:c6:a6:16:ac: 4f:4d:6d:06:d6:45:de:68:3a:2c:f2:22:32:61:8c:e6:d0:e5: 62:a9:49:fe:ba:86:ad:cb:c6:be:29:6b:0b:4b:cd:4c:59:4e: bd:17:6c:9b:c9:d6:d9:cd:9f:aa:01:8c:c9:a3:dd:af:6b:5f: e9:f5:18:24:6d:90:e1:14:9e:56:86:04:2e:3b:a2:42:21:f8: 0a:ee:05:71:31:55:f7:56:99:5f:72:18:87:22:ff:6d:4f:7c: c2:c2:32:84:5d:4c:1d:da:59:12:71:48:98:37:68:c8:6c:14: 8c:b6:8c:d4:49:e5:f6:2b:0f:04:ac:66:1b:f7:c4:d0:18:6d: e3:5d:12:4d:9d:34:c6:4c:36:cf:96:2b:5d:ae:d7:b1:74:c9: f0:44:b6:f0:c6:45:32:4e:b7:42:42:d3:f9:b5:c3:51:54:3e: b8:4a:70:0e:82:2e:39:07:bc:66:a9:91:93:43:f2:7f:ed:a4: 61:f2:35:fa:e0:9f:86:00:c9:87:5b:69:7e:3b:f8:d1:fa:e7: 78:e6:d0:46:27:d5:80:d4:34:0f:8f:bf:1c:27:47:60:3f:a7: b5:c4:ed:b3:c2:15:37:37:b3:8b:d1:c1:a7:1b:47:24:73:ce: 22:74:da:fb:c8:3f:a1:65:4d:79:67:d1:8a:db:71:79:d4:5d: 7d:a1:ae:05:93:78:31:98:d3:f6:cc:a3:42:93:e1:11:06:51: 2c:3c:4c:b7:6b:5d:07:fa:a8:08:72:4c:9a:26:0b:af:28:1c: 70:55:b1:1d:c8:82:98:3d:a5:b4:62:ff:77:07:13:84:b0:10: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 33] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 7e:f3:33:37:21:41:2e:cd:3b:da:4e:e6:fa:ad:3f:ee:f3:05: 39:8d:65:20:dc:94:49:98:e4:e9:a1:26:b3:3a:3d:c9:69:1f: e4:9c:29:7d:1b:91:02:70:27:8b:77:df:18:7e:50:50:58:06: 1b:fc:37:6b:4c:00:71:ea:ee:82:4c:e2:8b:a4:a7:81:f8:87: 57:07:50:d9:d0:bf:f4:85:c7:4f:9b:cf:e4:51:ee:d1:6b:0a: a3:a7:79:a9:7f:e4:6a:eb:83:59:82:f8:e5:32:c6:6b:93:57: 18:61:e7:89:b1:ff:a7:f7:31:8b:54:31:df:30:c8:0b:2f:7e: 5c:4d:1d:99:e2:cd:61:97:b5:28:14:36:3f:36:0e:b4:27:38: c8:61:68:e0:95:8d:26:3c:d4:83:5d:96:9f:a6:37:96:59:db: 10:a4:5f:90:b6:44:f1:7e:6c:86:44:25:40:0a:fc:ef:d7:5c: 97:ba:1b:4c:95:9e:e3:9e:90:b9:02:58:30:1d:60:b7:94:30: f5:78:b5:a4:ea:37:82:7a:f5:73:6c:0d:d3:81:ca:72:cc:8c: cd:bf:6f:fa:7f:cb:39:27:1a:59:9a:71:51:d8:f3:b3:40:d3: da:66:83:f4:f2:94:a5:8f:b5:a0:7f:72:c2:c8:e7:1b:41:36: fe:fb:6d:81:d8:ab:8a:33:41:18:bf:42:c9:1a:8a:22:fa:25: 9e:e0:b7:45:46:ee:ab:3b:57:3a:8f:64:96:51:7a:1f:66:95: f9:52:95:40:77:51:69:f5:6e:bd:3c:97:95:53:90:09:b0:fc: 5f:8c:ca:d5:2d:40:ab:29:c2:21:31:80:75:b9:0c:c9:57:46: f9:7e:e1:fc:95:63:c1:91:ad:10:90:af:2d:a2:85:02:55:d1: a1:10:76:db:24:ac:37:1d:35:bf:8a:09:29:21:b7:da:d5:26: 6d:00:6e:77:3f:64:e0:88:6b:09:37:e9:82:f8:c7:ad:bc:05: ea:1d:75:a4:ba:c3:d4:fb:43:ae:99:28:3a:19:fd:84:53:4b: 84:8a:b3:76:ae:a6:dd:a9:bb:fe:56:c2:7d:14:05:62:3a:a4: af:7d:3b:cd:80:c4:dd:87:58:54:21:9e:21:f2:60:a3:42:a6: de:55:31:8e:c9:7c:01:ae:fd:87:67:52:43:ba:7a:a4:ee:23: 9f:6f:0a:52:db:38:12:41:18:c4:2d:4a:85:84:36:59:a6:23: 9e:38:8e:51:c2:88:23:85:3a:dc:60:52:56:79:99:84:b0:a5: a9:b3:1b:ac:27:c8:5d:4d:82:8d:3c:ee:e7:84:c7:0d:72:ac: 80:c8:82:55:bb:05:7b:1e:33:f4:a3:0c:39:5b:2b:ed:a4:f6: cf:a5:15:8f:58:be:a0:bb:9b:35:27:cc:7b:78:aa:ee:ab:0f: fa:de:aa:bb:95:94:37:b6:44:ff:21:e1:64:41:73:46:22:d9: b0:89:61:24:b4:53:01:99:17:4b:79:e9:dd:e0:3d:0a:c9:3d: d5:02:1c:49:4e:bd:26:d9:9b:b0:32:2e:6a:22:b8:70:f5:c6: ed:51:4f:ee:a0:37:29:75:f3:17:5d:35:d2:a6:3b:71:43:8b: 6f:22:9b:1a:7d:a0:c5:f7:7f:7e:24:7a:93:67:b9:0b:4c:84: 61:f2:dd:6d:6f:60:7b:63:56:47:c6:cd:1c:ae:25:18:a9:cf: 21:aa:bc:d5:70:48:75:38:a7:10:5e:bc:bc:a1:e0:27:4f:6c: 18:b4:40:f8:80:01:74:1f:fc:d2:82:58:b3:c4:f3:1c:f1:e5: 66:61:c0:6c:63:4c:3b:b6:61:7a:15:9d:be:75:4b:c3:04:35: a3:a7:03:f9:cc:50:62:d0:38:74:c1:e2:c8:ce:46:1b:76:42: a0:3b:ff:5c:3c:04:c7:73:3d:ab:36:b4:1c:ef:47:7e:99:79: 0c:87:9d:54:c9:45:4a:61:29:43:34:72:4e:a6:d9:24:2c:30: 74:75:3d:16:87:91:03:58:3e:79:3b:f3:d1:8b:6a:10:87:18: 92:c9:0d:e5:aa:63:45:0a:60:83:c2:81:11:38:b6:c3:cd:f8: b0:71:d8:e0:5b:04:c5:57:2a:55:3c:db:3f:82:26:eb:db:09: b7:0b:f2:68:90:34:be:79:41:25:97:9d:d1:97:0e:af:4c:ae: 40:21:61:5e:f3:be:99:da:a3:82:31:98:96:5b:1c:86:20:48: 6b:af:92:df:e7:2d:f5:0d:97:55:04:4b:3d:6f:10:47:98:69: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 34] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 f3:06:8b:a0:9a:88:7c:0a:a2:84:8d:71:4a:5f:23:74:2e:ed: bb:28:32:d2:33:34:ab:77:40:e7:f8:d4:16:fe:b0:73:e4:14: a5:f5:3c:3e:a0:f0:e0:42:1d:cf:c3:c3:f8:bb:07:5a:56:20: 6d:4f:8e:ac:63:f6:3c:fd:f6:11:2b:97:2c:86:66:66:11:16: eb:51:c2:29:06:30:84:ba:e4:81:98:56:68:70:43:31:5d:c2: ef:eb:e6:e5:86:cb:9b:e3:37:8e:a3:fa:ad:46:cd:63:9d:d2: a1:6d:5d:df:65:cf:7c:39:cd:24:ae:86:40:b0:3f:d3:77:1d: 58:54:4a:11:b9:7d:25:c0:88:79:d7:36:c7:aa:2c:d8:3f:db: 86:82:ff:f9:0f:22:d0:5a:71:8c:5b:b2:23:ea:ca:cb:ee:b6: 51:2d:5e:43:da:fd:18:84:47:22:95:31:e0:e5:68:2d:65:6b: 0f:f9:94:40:e8:45:4d:16:d0:6b:ac:57:24:de:e2:c1:eb:99: 65:91:9e:7a:6c:6c:6e:c7:37:ab:2e:4e:80:80:09:60:d5:10: 0b:51:9b:24:7f:20:b2:7d:77:b5:e1:33:a2:2e:c0:7a:62:fb: aa:bc:a8:ba:07:ef:27:c4:69:c0:4b:da:ff:89:80:13:82:1f: 25:59:3b:40:dc:11:f4:5d:de:c5:a4:a0:d5:47:c0:19:ed:1e: d3:67:4a:b0:76:db:85:2d:df:4f:eb:6e:17:ac:9e:cc:67:0d: 74:03:10:5b:88:d3:de:c7:e0:05:55:48:01:bc:be:7a:82:2c: fb:5e:3d:f7:ca:2c:42:20:ed:50:ff:3c:2b:07:c4:8d:d1:13: 57:aa:26:67:83:02:1b:79:88:04:c5:ef:0a:6e:c8:f8:a4:cd: 93:57:bb:4a:39:4b:9e:c1:17:67:54:9f:85:5e:8b:a4:15:f3: 81:ba:2d:85:64:a8:99:ea:11:0c:9b:83:52:80:03:18:c0:1d: 72:9e:d2:0b:d4:8c:e5:59:08:28:a5:cf:8b:46:ef:e9:82:9b: 54:f0:e2:09:70:b4:2d:f4:31:d1:f1:ea:da:57:1c:1b:bb:de: b3:85:47:f4:19:e4:c4:06:85:87:54:23:76:6c:e1:3d:28:c1: c0:25:00:b3:34:d3:51:af:d9:df:0f:8b:b8:b5:6d:c8:53:fe: 8d:59:ba:f1:0e:00:05:4e:bf:51:9b:59:10:59:07:0f:5f:27: 99:9f:7c:6b:a3:14:40:32:da:e4:89:8d:b5:c6:d3:3f:ed:e3: f9:2d:15:ac:d1:a8:11:41:2d:2c:72:ab:a4:d5:f4:9c:ae:d7: af:7d:39:e2:1c:8f:a8:ff:3e:92:7d:e4:76:38:d4:fe:a2:99: 6e:1d:6b:11:70:e3:de:f2:4d:1f:4d:e5:cc:44:43:f8:42:c8: 99:11:c6:29:22:ee:f9:13:d5:08:15:71:fc:0e:ca:82:97:b1: 11:fb:b9:8c:27:3c:be:a4:d7:d8:4f:3c:0d:3c:82:5d:cf:18: 01:09:28:ca:1d:f0:f7:ba:71:80:eb:76:7a:58:e9:91:b8:86: 71:d0:71:d2:13:3c:b7:65:e7:c4:ff:27:f7:2f:f2:3f:24:d5: c6:df:6c:d0:dd:0a:ee:de:4b:16:66:6f:68:ce:94:b1:f9:69: 67:0c:c4:19:20:2c:29:74:f8:a7:e2:00:06:13:c9:2d:1d:4f: 76:74:03:28:46:79:b7:80:b2:da:d2:39:0a:56:47:5f:c3:81: 9a:ee:17:91:0d:49:f4:23:3f:36:db:55:48:d8:16:43:ff:6c: 6f:fa:ca:ac:17:ca:a3:62:4d:de:60:5c:ed:f5:a3:96:33:35: 53:24:06:99:8f:30:d6:a4:b8:07:3d:e1:d9:ca:07:9b:54:70: 50:c6:0e:d2:4b:93:9c:07:16:b7:9e:1e:d7:42:8c:c6:fd:41: cd:aa:4e:fc:2c:11:1a:6e:00:db:5b:25:6e:96:c8:29:43:ac: 68:be:c0:d3:2c:3c:1b:d4:b6:9c:2a:a0:9f:9b:16:a3:2a:dd: ed:00:2c:b9:9d:93:59:65:81:de:a9:a9:b8:96:ac:c4:43:30: 93:21:4c:3c:42:06:8e:ab:fa:37:96:72:c8:ec:22:19:1b:8b: ca:22:73:be:08:df:6a:1d:d7:ef:13:0b:43:ae:fd:a0:d6:a1: 10:8a:f7:5e:13:e5:5d:a1:81:c0:81:06:3f:5f:ea:b3:e1:78: 99:f5:2d:1c:56:0b:df:c3:1d:4e:1f:f6:ea:22:9e:d8:33:13: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 35] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 2b:bb:e9:3f:b1:17:cf:33:0e:80:85:72:72:72:c0:ad:70:b4: 81:9b:d8:57:d6:a4:9f:f7:92:15:e3:72:d0:ee:22:a1:47:b0: 90:e3:f1:14:b6:99:ff:fc:c3:cb:34:03:f8:00:76:dd:7d:c4: 4d:1d:c2:eb:48:73:4d:41:40:9d:e1:80:5c:37:cc:65:a7:6a: 8a:b0:9a:35:d5:2c:cc:f3:a3:cd:43:f7:e7:5c:46:7a:e1:5f: b2:a0:93:d7:00:ca:9e:3a:15:4c:61:ab:fc:62:e4:39:79:d6: 22:2a:d9:7e:8f:a4:65:1a:e9:1d:89:2b:9c:ef:d7:3f:36:fc: 93:9c:ec:e5:a6:93:ce:ec:32:91:48:46:b0:0a:b2:e3:33:19: df:a1:fb:78:20:e3:13:54:13:f3:fb:8a:5a:f2:9e:ba:34:e1: fe:eb:58:e2:c4:af:b6:63:56:32:42:cf:e3:7d:c5:f0:d5:6f: f6:64:53:40:17:c0:88:f0:54:8d:9c:05:8d:52:39:63:68:23: 86:86:91:34:f2:9c:a4:dd:17:ba:26:5a:7f:73:77:19:5b:93: 5a:2c:89:07:5f:27:45:2b:aa:86:1a:98:98:59:2a:46:c8:8e: 4f:75:30:dc:3a:e9:f6:1f:c0:33:ef:0a:13:30:5c:32:45:88: 19:67:4e:4d:a8:f1:fa:89:b0:ef:e4:42:3e:26:60:80:93:21: 7b:46:b9:f4:6c:be:9f:c6:7f:c6:49:c9:e1:49:c8:2d:07:36: 93:69:14:18:e3:fb:3b:6b:79:37:00:bd:f2:e1:f6:06:7b:2c: 07:ea:86:e2:1e:62:64:48:43:59:7d:2f:fd:24:c8:a1:4f:94: ac:8d:1e:7d:15:a1:32:01:25:ba:3f:35:d6:16:57:24:28:f6: 68:35:d3:80:21:cc:91:76:bd:15:7f:a1:42:6b:8e:a5:90:7b: fa:5d:01:7a:2e:02:21:b4:31:f9:2c:40:88:34:75:01:cb:83: 39:1b:3c:38:a2:c2:5d:33:e3:83:55:7f:fa:f0:d7:cf:c9:64: 9f:06:39:b2:18:f3:41:81:60:ff:50:5d:50:12:37:0e:82:c0: da:2f:6a:f8:fc:16:5f:bb:22:29:83:14:46:a4:01:ca:f8:d8: 2c:79:ed:cf:40:37:46:a8:48:7f:66:7d:0e:a0:ff:2f:07:c0: a3:58:ec:2c:3a:27:33:e3:3f:52:ac:94:99:10:2b:15:84:11: e9:71:c0:35:c3:79:f7:25:bf:f3:5b:42:46:17:44:5d:c1:c4: ac:fc:01:60:6a:69:5d:cc:65:08:e0:31:c0:db:01:ed:78:70: 18:1b:93:af:f7:b1:2c:0b:1f:b5:68:96:b8:f9:69:9f:e5:e6: 35:cb:bc:06:65:64:11:d5:ab:d4:e6:d3:79:31:a1:b0:e2:d3: 80:78:c2:f6:87:74:e3:34:48:ab:8b:5e:30:52:d6:3b:02:72: cd:3e:a4:f9:da:ca:6d:da:6c:59:07:39:73:da:08:f0:d0:3c: 9d:f9:52:83:77:60:67:58:9f:67:11:24:13:f4:86:86:8d:29: 89:c5:4e:86:22:12:86:11:94:0e:f4:c6:26:3e:0f:8e:06:8d: 5a:60:30:d0:a9:a8:bf:76:3f:88:34:79:a8:da:78:1b:71:9f: 8c:33:59:8d:fb:6b:cf:96:45:4f:be:54:e5:15:c6:d3:9b:7d: ea:d9:61:53:75:91:3d:c5:10:7d:a2:5d:00:cd:4a:77:ba:96: 6c:51:57:a4:68:75:43:27:ec:0b:49:4a:4d:25:c9:38:fd:cc: 33:1b:da:70:bf:1b:c3:d4:59:dd:8a:05:fe:87:c5:8e:59:16: ef:33:4b:88:14:f4:8e:3f:65:43:eb:ea:a3:9c:5c:eb:dc:81: d7:df:7b:a5:1e:4d:84:5c:cd:31:e2:02:a6:37:cf:81:4f:b5: 91:41:87:04:92:f3:c1:5d:62:2e:52:f1:86:ae:8d:13:bf:b6: c7:56:36:ef:e6:97:b6:05:cc:39:db:49:af:b5:3e:ec:ca:37: 2e:a4:51:c6:d7:03:2d:c8:69:3b:58:f7:91:ed:d4:88:0e:9c: 05:7f:fe:8c:5f:0c:18:31:39:4b:ad:3c:25:4d:26:24:42:45: 99:18:df:0e:ac:93:47:0b:47:60:58:53:63:0f:0b:b0:67:a5: 07:12:ca:a1:64:e9:a3:be:16:de:f6:70:8e:23:8d:61:d7:8d: 4b:31:6f:79:48:8c:b0:be:01:48:f2:4e:3d:2a:4f:e0:55:90: Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 36] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 72:3e:d3:0c:5c:f7:f8:15:45:e4:10:df:ad:9c:d0:23:c3:bb: a3:52:70:08:e2:fa:ae:ba:b0:74:35:dd:a6:4b:fb:9a:b7:3c: 28:17:87:08:70:47:42:5e:58:3a:a6:84:ac:94:34:41:5c:3c: d1:ac:0a:b4:bf:a1:c6:da:c2:59:a3:22:cc:a6:e3:e9:d5:92: 15:80:bb:2e:24:91:d3:8a:02:13:e5:51:05:f5:55:4a:78:41: d5:e7:62:1d:b7:d5:1f:e5:34:f7:b1:ae:c6:0f:ec:38:c2:a8: 23:8e:ff:5d:b6:87:8a:4f:bf:77:d6:c1:ae:a1:c8:88:d5:66: e1:77:06:ca:91:10:db:14:20:4c:a0:8f:d8:8b:1b:71:66:b8: 96:09:08:6a:ec:df:c1:4b:d6:91:03:8c:66:e2:c8:1d:c9:0e: f3:99:3e:0a:b4:60:83:8a:bc:3d:ca:19:00:b3:fd:b0:5e:84: 61:b7:23:04:db:64:35:06:9a:ab:4a:03:47:a2:79:6c:d8:0b: 9e:c9:77:bb:47:5e:db:66:e4:f3:33:eb:8c:e2:49:a4:d6:a1: c9:61:97:4a:e6:3a:ab:16:64:b3:df:16:5a:de:e5:f9:ba:5d: 7d:eb:04:f5:f4:f0:f0:7d:e4:1a:74:fc:7d:03:16:a4:ca:f6: e0:05:95:e0:fa:9d:80:07:58:b4:12:5e:34:43:04:ad:90:9f: 3f:be:31:ca:3d:d3:c9:d0:b7:91:c7:5c:d0:2b:81:73:34:bf: ca:a5:6e:23:4f:b3:f3:b4:bf:03:f4:bd:af:fd:d7:09:8b:65: a3:0c:76:dc:1e:7c:97:d2:be:85:d4:65:6d:f9:3d:6e:ae:6c: 57:f4:10:40:21:d6:04:2d:9b:9b:e5:95:90:9c:52:a8:ad:61: 8b:cd:b0:12:c1:13:26:c3:4d:8e:22:82:82:9b:fe:6d:01:e7: 3c:65:79:b4:79:9f:9e:b0:10:dd:5e:6a:57:43:8c:6b:41:d5: e6:ab:94:ba:c7:67:a5:b4:41:d8:10:0c:fd:29:77:e2:0b:cd: 29:80:2e:ae:5e:a5:85:a3:a2:09:31:51:82:98:0b:2c:7a:6b: 96:ef:8d:c0:f5:1f:98:b4:f6:22:b6:21:6e:36:e3:bb:18:da: 1d:24:46:0d:65:28:b6:6a -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIgLTCCAWegAwIBAgIUQ4VjomkBmSw5z7xAVxtfo8zHiEUwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMU MEIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkZSMQ4wDAYDVQQHDAVQYXJpczEjMCEGA1UECgwaQm9ndXMg U0xILURTQS1TSEEyLTEyOHMgQ0EwHhcNMjQxMDE2MTM0MjEyWhcNMzQxMDE0MTM0 MjEyWjBCMQswCQYDVQQGEwJGUjEOMAwGA1UEBwwFUGFyaXMxIzAhBgNVBAoMGkJv Z3VzIFNMSC1EU0EtU0hBMi0xMjhzIENBMDAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUAyEAK4EJ7Hd8 qk4fAkzPz5SX2ZGAUJKA9CVq8rB6+AKJtJSjYzBhMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTNWTaq/sQR x6RyaT8L6LOLIXsZ7TAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTNWTaq/sQRx6RyaT8L6LOLIXsZ7TAP BgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjALBglghkgBZQMEAxQDgh6x AKqgUd6wwxTQzfsSRqIxIMntqz/cV6X7RfbwO3/jWoy1hx4fCxWfqlZoQ37qIwUh 0TPLhGFVfjl0GDzqjgGkjZr7NXRpyWI1fw40ARyQQZcT/8WkZa4Pv5sy0iosl4Yt Seu6rppw5zVnPwp+Ot0LZk74RbLm2HCr+3Jg64WuYjykvzx65d1KJOJO0LU7w6zp JvhsyjvhRhV/GMVBQJBzuRljhiM6sn8SOl+7wxBsTrJi7jtLxeJpJHQ+boHiaEjI JyW8sqzaqK51WlwJIhy+lQoLXgwISUI6DS37iTuzFd7u57JeH6bwSvZlwV1eBXpt KufCwyA3zqsPbOrJOfMo0XWBMX8B4gnIVoFQz076ghpgPoe/YcqgQCeVv/hPBLH9 H3/OKfoVXO+UmvbwDH8Jf+y2NiaDaaotaZ4XehWqm1FDwZB8yWk6WrHud8ko5yHY kwqAGZxet2FfFGyaACKqTbiGA7WDSunzWnbMozvkE5T3VpZWM90Z2T2NVauZ5QAk 9//07ghHjUOz9OM61RLvBACZYqFezV+fkPPCjjWbikbsVE4TIFlfY9lhseLENtLl J1YfU1mcJOxqeSsdavKTONjres3XisiY1Idhv3k8KmRCD1sVtL3Ax8TeIEy72A9h Lqpn4af/DbfdBc9cywxGJuDZSMtFdieIUUnfTBZljBqEggnz1O7EKhepe8B3JP1P AJgS7RDnZ8N9VHgPyGd/9PKAKxs0DPpfxBKFHF/mhI3OEueu9e/rll9ib4c6NWfK 2K21VQsNBpHTnRqWLmfYsQ6PBz971v61dmIZg/bSCDU7nx0K9xTSRVBwXJHMtQ9L Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 37] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 73nv08e9Anr6i4PNMQew94p5xGgZ3gH4cxptisdUyEuaQFPjS+S9OlJQxt7eGdee qIhw8XCmEVWwRl5AN7KQXJF2vSAdJNtxM4G4R+/sfnjSJStL4m4BgdQS/0D/4NeQ KYWA5kr1WzJstwUcICfgmFeA56KXy5HO2cGjX9wkf7j1XNqRg+WujGVzhGpbyT+X UX3MP9Y54XHxVI0fTzNwzAf4A3C+jIHhXXPBnL58PWnAzHKQz2U4NXEWrh3ipgjI e93AMPS0KkX8BeYc76/zUwMvdrV78al9FjOxtcJPm1V7DSL2CEs4smdO2fjxZQPW Wh8fi8vaePx7UqXXGzWyzQZ+Hh2LYECRdC+RycbHxAH1LxDC6quE9vYu/HfBhSiQ pRHc7Qd4wnScYIZpQDwXmzrl6GUiwn/ZiL5DajGQ1SM365Nw5Lw0lE+vpMFv8zAb xuH18dh7pE5uab6C0ICorplE4db6ReUFpVIKXWAXOh4u3S60hpMxkw/KXwVSjjEV 6IswiDPX2pFSQDzXGLxyjYiyZcX+CnxQRH4PtlJTiyj8W/qTVDbK4cFrf0YT3gV9 vjONZ1K6ba9L7gELx1YhfRa9GYOQyBRRi/uDwaXKaVqu2fGn3PdTn/ajQ5T7OIYf Kg9Qz428NlHOjq+A/rWA+ENz6jrXoqS2czpaa0inMaPTQjr8LrAp0meKmtEmlQgL YT9x7rGW9EkM1ztQYWwVyjEx3A382F+hJtPiQ80TOUpQLWRXvwKoXFRK1DdF8gn9 z1NnGemSpM0bggksTSkwgMEji8ocOMYRj6I8LH+GJcn+oxr8gqtp6bU3sQ6amRDN p7ZSn8bkbgjxkM0UuMLgqVguikxS39XuilfOglemiQ90IEwiHQLJBFJoePNZycNg hZIBMHWg6ykrZlW3SErfj7rfqLzZRVzrBKjDlLa7HQUZSJuujWMtutbTXuV6QLYF dKGwerfXtGfW1qz1BW9TRabt4AyzDDLGiftCexF0lCXcAXy7Tk9Pl1QosPtIZoc6 0NoYv6oTDGrTxz4RJkPoQLNXKQBwAK9YsHWDnrlLWznxfz+JjR0LGnhN5YzmB4Z1 IxsUH80ETZjRzfVPHQBV+/jHkvXuXsXzJIQi7hFIkUtR94eonKCaSLyT9Twcftms FRwft/m5Zp/05VhK+X5cP6NaIFS+V3R0ZYAN9DCpDVPmcVL5fvQCJOW0IQu8Ey5n AL1kVIuCtGT4Ukay8jddMkmKvhlOIafMmhkpyVeq/ttK7+ChBhpfWEyXrv6sFqDj p2Dvtr+AZzXIbP4RFhi9BJAytnVkE1WyLsbfL7c11jzxq0we2sJP/CTyks5k3e9w eq4mBwFhn+Yu/uQ1jNXu4r79O4/E3FxQTFouqhTEDrWBE1XQhYEWPc4D8CslObb5 zv/A9U13YIYDJf/dV8v9KP3ijrt8+0lGnCwONHTP0rhFvv3BKmuOMEjDp0FnBHho nYEcNfSTWh9Hqzo0Xk4tQyv0UrxYNFIVUzYZybC8V3yVs4bufmifc7IJME/4kK4L jfT00Ucb6NEDhZItimCrMPPqJl436ZC2LfYIH7z9E1r9qSl8q1gQ2W07J3Ux9HSo 6HAAo2PxjLSXIivQ+OCybk9KltXwPf5z4ci6+6iWvwHCY3D63ZflyY8ABF36wDlo uuXcqns9vSWqQ+ICoVcreHSA+NbqokR/HjVGy30vg9x6JYfgJ87fEhWDtiYq+U4i GMppfeNohghA+kUbpT1joaoZyoM9LksTTVgmYvLvPGsTzJmVIcLH9a8I76AhGkvp 9BxNRnKIIouqtdz+O+aNuVGNRfRwE2iiKwqcghZk/DpaKhmm/pI0ZeJqnKWTJCG0 tlC4BDECHN9PuJy2OxlmJqrAM/2b+wIvyAeMH2aK9vPFC3TOdcSUNIBgU8FCCS0h +yW0/8EAMPHIrc5ixh3XlMwPeyoAvrPzyD/liK9tGZAxcZbWjFs0uIW1QvL7F6CD u2phhvDvH9vOAC+Qqu4Hl1lWhZYcl2vK1H2avdwBUt0cvIJegQiRNoV/PhJjWaoD ELMDLa0XfWGR1uG5LjlUJ4qkkYe6M1QoUg1G8OdjQG0VdhFRKBtflOowbwA0pthC xDKgNhtVBJCHji4ER/ElyPvUWHk2XLmBGMX/Fqv+uAEK+0qTPZvFgtUfv5Xqqjbv xfjYq/fKyEncMPs0nYHifGwGeDSpqkR0n0KlxZGfQcTxeX4NzTbVITJdgk2zgA1y GasqDt70Is5It7JEAvGZsb953UkLvz74uaXjKI2PibPYvJfLLvjAj/AQzQAv37y7 q+B33tlEF45w8AfhncWl+5HuPe70mJ1nEAQ6pvID/OgFU+4AKTyE/zX035N0ghbs WCVDgQGyaNKnUe2X7cIGHuuNdc8RMLD3D8HSwfFDXUJw+sH5KuuirwAHy5nKy5pQ hcNjdtOt9e/U8Ml1pEuISzKBw0OXv6gLwFojtChGTARwNoju6/UmspkFzGsKDvkG c/3DvjfHJikRYtQg4AbyaMNX27+F5i/L8YGWiHCeompCAvx5kPbJsPuzbqVoxO67 jIdsgSAVqH8buvcusvdfo8ADRM7iJ/IE0MCyfb6zEU7pd3y+g5QDE3UvxNSK6byj +m1ccvpihhfi25eIymxMrWgrV8/1tpIuAi6C0VyfO47p5Y12fGWdV+Ur38nKsYzs hucJld5zV07sr2JHRXnG/Qky2Vtz3mdEOSij/x2PImEESIT78EQEDwEbrb+f/zQs gz3WhTybgu9Hx6ui4p6scevWXqfY4HlTOSkVDqa5VjmTFn8KSABtNgoqShHvgNdD xPAG4qJJmuYtxf1GlqiDRSK1x1Xczz+EjgtpfNzgMBofphTWQtMPkUtsPy/5ZCW7 5IO5RICzbMfyPlijYXoaBGHYooznQ9fr9JBIkDDcwVWz60toCa9iedf2CWGJt2s3 PglO1dfjBbFL8OUfaz7wa+sqjR2u9ofGcPJ0+pJGHdZ+1qsa094Rcb7woeMFgk46 oS7SK8SSDqNwED/fxMxSl/dMplp7zOh0WkcSQnPYWwl+MaloM3f20XJyoyLi2W7F Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 38] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 /PIw1YXFwlB5EKafFVAxpIfXy9q5Xzer/n8JJeXDHsDWeCCgISAQbzzQvUb+vK3f JSeN9A0MTbIwsXCOqiWfgLlgt3myJb6l3+7tjKyHyWk/6uXPTdFEc3+nTptpZN/a ildTEQ5U/a/KTG3grVYff8UHAIvkswlTr6Tb4aHE4cDWcNQt6NS9OJTHkzlkcVBt pTB9/h5h0KEmu2r4MmMFN2W7I5cGE8bWRrWD/dObo5TsZ46cu56vC9/oKO1F/6SM 2fnjMN0g8j2tT9C5Kxe/0EqOA42iHxb6/ofrPFd9+Hj5LXTUgthT4JG2g29zecrZ yoPthHUQ4F76pw+hm2ch0JqwkINoPJmXaUIRLFG5b1wDHy7ueLc6FNvYnRdpmq2e gNXX3v47GO6mfZ87bzBndKH0//toreTsj39bAkZiJhBqiLGnidGHAKSVhJaetB+/ 8W9ntj/VwlwfQRDNBqXo/uIeUuNcRrnE6RiqeOBLeIJ4rD1Z/SRARAHWrWuHvRGh wb3yqcy+rgVSe72GY9aevVI8Jdyku3O8DAQEwQzpbtEmw1CsmPtLScVp7dgwu3zS btN2WhMMgijPQFwOFiTogl0q8IeJI5ktfmqFod2reBvmz3a8/iayJqWn4dREo/8g rYRzWyayOhXJxAKd+7Irz7Xyo36Z3vnZk/eLFuMET8S8TWebP7oteXpH8erYNs9d 6/ezrgzgYvj2LNApkYr6aL8gV+95DXFi96clx3fyA0gtlXN7usD1Ynu7DQa2iHSk tH5IuaZtkng9h05oRNZFI8l7BAJ+x0B/oEH8JI7lQxn0ZbKl53MnA7RSDt4zEmLt tsMrGc2gaQvLY+uFg6EWqStywefGY3+kQW4ZYTt4uttqGFz0sV2lXd84/V+Az8/w leGxvHouLP8EAF7HeRxH4KdX3hvmaRN6O8+g2GkW8p5F5rF9n/dHJdkfUApu3dpT 4E1SkTOHij8373rrGpigVeD55fIDH+Lr5TBsDEt1pM9Ah9owSSXhJf04zkQg43V/ JSt73bIC1+IPlqS7zwzfFudbkUYxvE0YtsozoVvmcJUDQHmpEqkdCeg419R9w6gl bMKqC3gZWxbLiiRPsnrKh2iFmyIXUOr9KK5F97a6dt5Jzp+kSLG78br4iI4UHi8t U3m/Mg78GSCxuhJoXYzYPDzWY4oui+R8dQUnqOngW76Hd9WziHTbzV9ZEFycROHU fb827Ptwlb+nG9mo7v3XkU1ysdFyhwsCWCIjy7FyNgRHM6Y5mTT6c2rhuSEXegRb I2Rln78U5o1OcBueGa+bmD5vEy41pZCnxiSKttAKoWDrQM97xQOH4qd2ihBbTnXB Pq03Hv9GWaixbsT+ZYFhZ22DUZ8iWB+i4Tnd1DN0IpDLk79lplqNktuemmAell9d ZhO484L7E1rqPOkfXde0fxiZONMeSYMmqOzAE5ivos8tKkpKfjL8ILWEwC/WDEBa rTTb/NXzjF7OzRX7aNRgxA76nPF+C8KVz+Efa0u0i30bBUWOZWLYJE/JMfWeGzrT zUcFk+CRiZ9+h1CpCkso3wBVAX9Y9tSKF8JgGlYqSZyNESV+QudgkCD3PhIle4IF SdUviM9z2wl+D/F9xqQP3D1fJaQr4XR9cFqltGdsZnTEhgEwr9Xp+klyODsAld77 xq7uyNCvshSPndoyX57nhXapGnzTaYsCSzz/UTuggGnwlQEQrrqUqVnOoJCvjfXb RWMLT4r7ltsmZtq44s9+FUfIEANGjDu/Rgwp5n2AQjrCjTi0SC0slqE3cROccgAC /6R5/3RaMbqmOiQIv45BtEhvvEOFMX25ygZgdvun0aOvrdCnywcCCLq3zqsGVihd MXks2xBSVUxlUxDOHl8O5RUlxOB4EjzSDInzYN3x74vsfoqbLFibH3vw091H10lf EfrtenIchGwGD3ZEqOYvJBs/ZkY858Z/4wYbXnzm1mcINPNkLP0wndjidRSVkdAP TNnwlUNCshXbTz0Vy2BsIvj74MRDHNBxnRCb9nbD1Ojx2GKzs4/04mml/eMKI+ZO mw+lLKEJAc4nJpSnkMDoDoKYQ0SHnTRXc7W3Nfqjr0fPCUgnedPGGwR6CN+meA9q LlzlxqYWrE9NbQbWRd5oOizyIjJhjObQ5WKpSf66hq3Lxr4pawtLzUxZTr0XbJvJ 1tnNn6oBjMmj3a9rX+n1GCRtkOEUnlaGBC47okIh+AruBXExVfdWmV9yGIci/21P fMLCMoRdTB3aWRJxSJg3aMhsFIy2jNRJ5fYrDwSsZhv3xNAYbeNdEk2dNMZMNs+W K12u17F0yfBEtvDGRTJOt0JC0/m1w1FUPrhKcA6CLjkHvGapkZND8n/tpGHyNfrg n4YAyYdbaX47+NH653jm0EYn1YDUNA+PvxwnR2A/p7XE7bPCFTc3s4vRwacbRyRz ziJ02vvIP6FlTXln0YrbcXnUXX2hrgWTeDGY0/bMo0KT4REGUSw8TLdrXQf6qAhy TJomC68oHHBVsR3Igpg9pbRi/3cHE4SwEH7zMzchQS7NO9pO5vqtP+7zBTmNZSDc lEmY5OmhJrM6PclpH+ScKX0bkQJwJ4t33xh+UFBYBhv8N2tMAHHq7oJM4oukp4H4 h1cHUNnQv/SFx0+bz+RR7tFrCqOneal/5Grrg1mC+OUyxmuTVxhh54mx/6f3MYtU Md8wyAsvflxNHZnizWGXtSgUNj82DrQnOMhhaOCVjSY81INdlp+mN5ZZ2xCkX5C2 RPF+bIZEJUAK/O/XXJe6G0yVnuOekLkCWDAdYLeUMPV4taTqN4J69XNsDdOBynLM jM2/b/p/yzknGlmacVHY87NA09pmg/TylKWPtaB/csLI5xtBNv77bYHYq4ozQRi/ QskaiiL6JZ7gt0VG7qs7VzqPZJZReh9mlflSlUB3UWn1br08l5VTkAmw/F+MytUt QKspwiExgHW5DMlXRvl+4fyVY8GRrRCQry2ihQJV0aEQdtskrDcdNb+KCSkht9rV Jm0Abnc/ZOCIawk36YL4x628BeoddaS6w9T7Q66ZKDoZ/YRTS4SKs3aupt2pu/5W Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 39] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 wn0UBWI6pK99O82AxN2HWFQhniHyYKNCpt5VMY7JfAGu/YdnUkO6eqTuI59vClLb OBJBGMQtSoWENlmmI544jlHCiCOFOtxgUlZ5mYSwpamzG6wnyF1Ngo087ueExw1y rIDIglW7BXseM/SjDDlbK+2k9s+lFY9YvqC7mzUnzHt4qu6rD/reqruVlDe2RP8h 4WRBc0Yi2bCJYSS0UwGZF0t56d3gPQrJPdUCHElOvSbZm7AyLmoiuHD1xu1RT+6g Nyl18xddNdKmO3FDi28imxp9oMX3f34kepNnuQtMhGHy3W1vYHtjVkfGzRyuJRip zyGqvNVwSHU4pxBevLyh4CdPbBi0QPiAAXQf/NKCWLPE8xzx5WZhwGxjTDu2YXoV nb51S8MENaOnA/nMUGLQOHTB4sjORht2QqA7/1w8BMdzPas2tBzvR36ZeQyHnVTJ RUphKUM0ck6m2SQsMHR1PRaHkQNYPnk789GLahCHGJLJDeWqY0UKYIPCgRE4tsPN +LBx2OBbBMVXKlU82z+CJuvbCbcL8miQNL55QSWXndGXDq9MrkAhYV7zvpnao4Ix mJZbHIYgSGuvkt/nLfUNl1UESz1vEEeYafMGi6CaiHwKooSNcUpfI3Qu7bsoMtIz NKt3QOf41Bb+sHPkFKX1PD6g8OBCHc/Dw/i7B1pWIG1Pjqxj9jz99hErlyyGZmYR FutRwikGMIS65IGYVmhwQzFdwu/r5uWGy5vjN46j+q1GzWOd0qFtXd9lz3w5zSSu hkCwP9N3HVhUShG5fSXAiHnXNseqLNg/24aC//kPItBacYxbsiPqysvutlEtXkPa /RiERyKVMeDlaC1law/5lEDoRU0W0GusVyTe4sHrmWWRnnpsbG7HN6suToCACWDV EAtRmyR/ILJ9d7XhM6IuwHpi+6q8qLoH7yfEacBL2v+JgBOCHyVZO0DcEfRd3sWk oNVHwBntHtNnSrB224Ut30/rbhesnsxnDXQDEFuI097H4AVVSAG8vnqCLPtePffK LEIg7VD/PCsHxI3RE1eqJmeDAht5iATF7wpuyPikzZNXu0o5S57BF2dUn4Vei6QV 84G6LYVkqJnqEQybg1KAAxjAHXKe0gvUjOVZCCilz4tG7+mCm1Tw4glwtC30MdHx 6tpXHBu73rOFR/QZ5MQGhYdUI3Zs4T0owcAlALM001Gv2d8Pi7i1bchT/o1ZuvEO AAVOv1GbWRBZBw9fJ5mffGujFEAy2uSJjbXG0z/t4/ktFazRqBFBLSxyq6TV9Jyu 1699OeIcj6j/PpJ95HY41P6imW4daxFw497yTR9N5cxEQ/hCyJkRxiki7vkT1QgV cfwOyoKXsRH7uYwnPL6k19hPPA08gl3PGAEJKMod8Pe6cYDrdnpY6ZG4hnHQcdIT PLdl58T/J/cv8j8k1cbfbNDdCu7eSxZmb2jOlLH5aWcMxBkgLCl0+KfiAAYTyS0d T3Z0AyhGebeAstrSOQpWR1/DgZruF5ENSfQjPzbbVUjYFkP/bG/6yqwXyqNiTd5g XO31o5YzNVMkBpmPMNakuAc94dnKB5tUcFDGDtJLk5wHFreeHtdCjMb9Qc2qTvws ERpuANtbJW6WyClDrGi+wNMsPBvUtpwqoJ+bFqMq3e0ALLmdk1llgd6pqbiWrMRD MJMhTDxCBo6r+jeWcsjsIhkbi8oic74I32od1+8TC0Ou/aDWoRCK914T5V2hgcCB Bj9f6rPheJn1LRxWC9/DHU4f9uointgzEyu76T+xF88zDoCFcnJywK1wtIGb2FfW pJ/3khXjctDuIqFHsJDj8RS2mf/8w8s0A/gAdt19xE0dwutIc01BQJ3hgFw3zGWn aoqwmjXVLMzzo81D9+dcRnrhX7Kgk9cAyp46FUxhq/xi5Dl51iIq2X6PpGUa6R2J K5zv1z82/JOc7OWmk87sMpFIRrAKsuMzGd+h+3gg4xNUE/P7ilrynro04f7rWOLE r7ZjVjJCz+N9xfDVb/ZkU0AXwIjwVI2cBY1SOWNoI4aGkTTynKTdF7omWn9zdxlb k1osiQdfJ0UrqoYamJhZKkbIjk91MNw66fYfwDPvChMwXDJFiBlnTk2o8fqJsO/k Qj4mYICTIXtGufRsvp/Gf8ZJyeFJyC0HNpNpFBjj+ztreTcAvfLh9gZ7LAfqhuIe YmRIQ1l9L/0kyKFPlKyNHn0VoTIBJbo/NdYWVyQo9mg104AhzJF2vRV/oUJrjqWQ e/pdAXouAiG0MfksQIg0dQHLgzkbPDiiwl0z44NVf/rw18/JZJ8GObIY80GBYP9Q XVASNw6CwNovavj8Fl+7IimDFEakAcr42Cx57c9AN0aoSH9mfQ6g/y8HwKNY7Cw6 JzPjP1KslJkQKxWEEelxwDXDefclv/NbQkYXRF3BxKz8AWBqaV3MZQjgMcDbAe14 cBgbk6/3sSwLH7Volrj5aZ/l5jXLvAZlZBHVq9Tm03kxobDi04B4wvaHdOM0SKuL XjBS1jsCcs0+pPnaym3abFkHOXPaCPDQPJ35UoN3YGdYn2cRJBP0hoaNKYnFToYi EoYRlA70xiY+D44GjVpgMNCpqL92P4g0eajaeBtxn4wzWY37a8+WRU++VOUVxtOb ferZYVN1kT3FEH2iXQDNSne6lmxRV6RodUMn7AtJSk0lyTj9zDMb2nC/G8PUWd2K Bf6HxY5ZFu8zS4gU9I4/ZUPr6qOcXOvcgdffe6UeTYRczTHiAqY3z4FPtZFBhwSS 88FdYi5S8YaujRO/tsdWNu/ml7YFzDnbSa+1PuzKNy6kUcbXAy3IaTtY95Ht1IgO nAV//oxfDBgxOUutPCVNJiRCRZkY3w6sk0cLR2BYU2MPC7BnpQcSyqFk6aO+Ft72 cI4jjWHXjUsxb3lIjLC+AUjyTj0qT+BVkHI+0wxc9/gVReQQ362c0CPDu6NScAji +q66sHQ13aZL+5q3PCgXhwhwR0JeWDqmhKyUNEFcPNGsCrS/ocbawlmjIsym4+nV khWAuy4kkdOKAhPlUQX1VUp4QdXnYh231R/lNPexrsYP7DjCqCOO/122h4pPv3fW Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 40] Internet-Draft SLH-DSA for X.509 November 2024 wa6hyIjVZuF3BsqRENsUIEygj9iLG3FmuJYJCGrs38FL1pEDjGbiyB3JDvOZPgq0 YIOKvD3KGQCz/bBehGG3IwTbZDUGmqtKA0eieWzYC57Jd7tHXttm5PMz64ziSaTW oclhl0rmOqsWZLPfFlre5fm6XX3rBPX08PB95Bp0/H0DFqTK9uAFleD6nYAHWLQS XjRDBK2Qnz++Mco908nQt5HHXNArgXM0v8qlbiNPs/O0vwP0va/91wmLZaMMdtwe fJfSvoXUZW35PW6ubFf0EEAh1gQtm5vllZCcUqitYYvNsBLBEybDTY4igoKb/m0B 5zxlebR5n56wEN1ealdDjGtB1earlLrHZ6W0QdgQDP0pd+ILzSmALq5epYWjogkx UYKYCyx6a5bvjcD1H5i09iK2IW4247sY2h0kRg1lKLZq -----END CERTIFICATE----- Acknowledgments Much of the structure and text of this document is based on [RFC8410] and [I-D.ietf-lamps-dilithium-certificates]. The remainder comes from [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]. Thanks to those authors, and the ones they based their work on, for making our work easier. "Copying always makes things easier and less error prone" - [RFC8411]. Authors' Addresses Kaveh Bashiri BSI Email: kaveh.bashiri.ietf@gmail.com Scott Fluhrer Cisco Systems Email: sfluhrer@cisco.com Stefan-Lukas Gazdag genua GmbH Email: ietf@gazdag.de Daniel Van Geest CryptoNext Security Email: daniel.vangeest@cryptonext-security.com Stavros Kousidis BSI Email: kousidis.ietf@gmail.com Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 41]