Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) A. Melnikov Request for Comments: 5803 Isode Limited Category: Informational July 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Schema for Storing Salted Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism (SCRAM) Secrets Abstract This memo describes how the "authPassword" Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) attribute can be used for storing secrets used by the Salted Challenge Response Authentication Message (SCRAM) mechanism in the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) framework. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5803. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Melnikov Informational [Page 1]
RFC 5803 LDAP Schema for Storing SCRAM Secrets July 2010 Table of Contents 1. Overview ........................................................2 2. Conventions Used in This Document ...............................3 3. Security Considerations .........................................3 4. Acknowledgements ................................................4 5. Normative References ............................................4 1. Overview This document describes how the authPassword LDAP attribute [AUTHPASS] can be used for storing secrets used by [SCRAM] Simple Authentication and Security Layer [RFC4422] Mechanisms. The "scheme" part of the authPassword attribute is the SCRAM mechanism name (always without the "-PLUS" suffix), e.g., "SCRAM- SHA-1". See [SCRAM] for the exact syntax of SCRAM mechanism names. The "authInfo" part of the authPassword attribute is the iteration count (iter-count in the ABNF below), followed by ":" and base64- encoded [BASE64] salt. The "authValue" part of the authPassword attribute is the base64- encoded [BASE64] StoredKey [SCRAM], followed by ":" and base64- encoded [BASE64] ServerKey [SCRAM]. Syntax of the attribute can be expressed using ABNF [RFC5234]. Non- terminal references in the following ABNF are defined in either [AUTHPASS], [RFC4422], or [RFC5234]. scram-mech = "SCRAM-SHA-1" / scram-mech-ext ; Complies with ABNF for <scheme> ; defined in [AUTHPASS]. scram-authInfo = iter-count ":" salt ; Complies with ABNF for <authInfo> ; defined in [AUTHPASS]. scram-authValue = stored-key ":" server-key ; Complies with ABNF for <authValue> ; defined in [AUTHPASS]. iter-count = %x31-39 *DIGIT ; SCRAM iteration count. ; A positive number without leading zeros. salt = <base64-encoded value> Melnikov Informational [Page 2]
RFC 5803 LDAP Schema for Storing SCRAM Secrets July 2010 stored-key = <base64-encoded value> ; See definition in [SCRAM]. server-key = <base64-encoded value> ; See definition in [SCRAM]. scram-mech-ext = "SCRAM-" 1*9mech-char ; Other SCRAM mechanisms registered ; in the IANA registry for SASL ; mechanism names. mech-char = <Defined in RFC 4422> Note that the authPassword attribute is multivalued. For example, it may contain multiple SCRAM hashes for different hashing algorithms. 2. Conventions Used in This Document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 3. Security Considerations This document defines how the authPassword attribute can be used to store SCRAM secrets. Therefore, security considerations relevant to [SCRAM] and hash functions used with it are also relevant to this document. General security considerations related to the authPassword attribute (as specified in [AUTHPASS]) also apply to the use of authPassword as specified in this document. In particular, the values of authPassword SHOULD be protected as if they were cleartext passwords. A read operation on this attribute that is not protected by a privacy layer (such as IPsec or TLS) can expose this attribute to an attacker who a) would be able to use the intercepted value to impersonate the user to all servers providing SCRAM access using the same hash function, password, iteration count, and salt or b) would be able to perform an offline dictionary or brute-force attack in order to recover the user's password. Servers MUST validate the format of the authPassword attribute before using it for performing a SCRAM authentication exchange. It is possible that an attacker compromised the LDAP server or got access to the entry containing the attribute in order to exploit a vulnerability in the subsystem performing the SCRAM authentication Melnikov Informational [Page 3]
RFC 5803 LDAP Schema for Storing SCRAM Secrets July 2010 exchange. Big iteration counts and invalid base64 encoding are two possible (but not the only) exploits in the format specified in the document. 4. Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the feedback provided by Chris Newman, Kurt Zeilenga, Chris Lonvick, Peter Saint-Andre, Barry Leiba, and Chris Ridd. 5. Normative References [AUTHPASS] Zeilenga, K., "LDAP Authentication Password Schema", RFC 3112, May 2001. [BASE64] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings", RFC 4648, October 2006. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC4422] Melnikov, A. and K. Zeilenga, "Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)", RFC 4422, June 2006. [RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. [SCRAM] Menon-Sen, A., Newman, C., Melnikov, A., and N. Williams, "Salted Challenge Response Authentication Message (SCRAM) SASL Mechanisms", RFC 5802, July 2010. Author's Address Alexey Melnikov Isode Limited 5 Castle Business Village 36 Station Road Hampton, Middlesex TW12 2BX UK EMail: alexey.melnikov@isode.com URI: http://www.melnikov.ca/ Melnikov Informational [Page 4]