Battus

Battus Scopoli, 1777

Battus Scopoli, 1777; Introd. Hist. nat.: 433; TS: Papilio polydamas Linnaeus
Laertias Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 84; TS: Papilio philenor Linnaeus
- = Battus; [NL4A], 90
Ithoballus Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88; TS: Papilio polydamas Linnaeus
- = Battus; [NL4A], 90
Battuosa Möhn, 1999
- = Battus; [NL4A], 90

Battus; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Battus (Battina); [NL4A], 90
Battus (Battiti); Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 1
Ithoballus; [NHM-BMW]
Ithobalus; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4 (missp.); [NHM-BMW]
Laertiades; Doubleday, 1846, Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 5 (missp.); [NHM-BMW]
Laertias; [NHM-BMW]
Laertias (Papilioninae); Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 150

Subgenus Battus

Battus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2

The philenor species-group

Philenor; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2

Battus zetides (Munroe, 1971) Haiti, Dominican Republic

Papilio zetides Munroe, 1971; (repl. name); TL: Dominican Rep.
Papilio zetes Westwood, 1847; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 5: 36, pl. 3, f. 1 (preocc. Linnaeus, 1758); TL: Dominican Rep.

Battus (Battus) zetides; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2, pl. 1, f. 1-4
Battus zetes; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 5
Battus zetides; [NL4A], #55; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio zetes; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 515

Battus devilliersii (Godart, 1823)

Cuba, Bahamas. See [maps]

Papilio de villiersii [= devilliersii] Godart, 1823; Mém. Soc. linn. Paris 2: 231, pl. 19, f. 3-4; TL: Cuba

Battus (Battus) devilliersi; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2, pl. 1, f. 5-8
Battus devilliers; [BOW]: pl. 12, f. 2 (text only); [P&N23]
Battus devilliersii; [NL4A], #46; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio devilliers; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 514

Battus philenor (Linnaeus, 1771)

-. See [maps] Blue Swallowtail Pipevine Swallowtail

Papilio philenor Linnaeus, 1771; Mantissa Plant. 2: 535; TL: "America"

Battus philenor; [NACL], #4157; [BOW]: pl. 12, f. 1; [BNR]; [BOC], 115; [Opler]; [NAB]; [NL4A], #52; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [GALEPS]
Laertias philenor; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
Papilio philenor; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 204, 3: pl. 65, f. 18, 18a; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 510

800x907 (~97Kb) USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia, "Butterlfy garden", Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 2.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	1200x839 (~120Kb) larva USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia region, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 2.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	650x899 (~82Kb) USA: LepSoc field trip to Patagonia region, Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, 3.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela
769x1645 (~155Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 12.5.2001, Photo © Vitaly Charny	700x976 (~79Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 12.5.2001, Photo © Vitaly Charny	656x650 (~106Kb) ♀ upperside USA: Alabama, 3.4.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1400x1050 (~280Kb) ♂ upperside USA: Alabama, 1.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1200x1074 (~183Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 3.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1600x1162 (~165Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 5.6.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny

B. p. philenor S.Ontario, New England - Florida, S.Ontario - Nebraska - Texas - Arizona, California, Oregon, Mexico, Guatemala

Papilio astinous Drury, [1773]; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 1: pl. 11, f. 1, 4; TL: New York; Maryland; Virginia
- = ; [NL4A], #52a
Papilio philenor var. obsoleta Ehrmann, 1900; Can. Ent. 32 (11): 348; TL: Pennsylvania
- = ; [NL4A], #52a
Papilio philenor ab. wasmuthii Weeks, 1901; J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 9: 82; TL: New York
- = ; [NL4A], #52a
Papilio serpenteriae Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name)
- = ; [NL4A], #52a

Battus (Battus) philenor philenor; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 2, pl. 2, f. 3-4, pl. 16, f. 1-2
Battus philenor philenor; [NL4A], #52a; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Laertias philenor obsoleta; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
Laertias philenor wasmuthi; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
Papilio philenor philenor; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 512

B. p. insularis Vázquez, 1957 N.Mexico (Baja California)

philenor insularis Vázquez, 1957; ; TL: Baja California

Battus (Battus) philenor insularis; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 7
Battus philenor insularis; [NL4A], #52d; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. hirsuta (Skinner, 1908) California

philenor hirsuta (Skinner, 1908) (Papilio); ; TL: Plumas Co., California
tr.f. inghami (Gunder, 1927) (Papilio); ; TL: USA(California)
- = ; [NL4A], #52c

Battus (Battus) philenor hirsuta; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 2, f. 1-2
Battus philenor hirsuta; [NACL], #4157a; [NL4A], #52c; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. acauda (Oberthür, 1879) New Mexico, SE.Mexico

Papilio acauda Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 98
Papilio nezahualcoyotl Strecker, 1885; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 37 (12): 174; TL: New Mexico
- = Laertias acauda; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
- = ; [NL4A], #52b
Papilio corbis Godman & Salvin, 1889; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3 (16): 357; TL: Mexico, Yucatán, Valladolid
- = Laertias acauda; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
- = ; [NL4A], #52b

Battus (Battus) philenor acauda; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 2, f. 5-6, pl. 16, f. 3-4
Battus philenor acauda; [NL4A], #52b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Laertias acauda; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
Papilio corbis; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 205, 3: pl. 66, f. 7-8

B. p. orsua (Godman & Salvin, 1889) Marias Islands

Papilio orsua Godman & Salvin, 1889; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3 (16): 358; TL: Mexico, Nayarit, Tres Marias Islands

Battus (Battus) philenor orsua; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 2, f. 7-8
Battus philenor orsua; [NL4A], #52e; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio orsua; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 205, 3: pl. 55, f. 9-10
Papilio philenor orsua; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 514

The polydamas species-group

Polydamas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3

Battus polydamas (Linnaeus, 1758)

-. See [maps] Polydamas Swallowtail Gold-rim Swallowtail

Papilio polydamas Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 460; TL: "Hibisco mutabitis America"

Battus polydamas; [NACL], #4158; [BOW]: pl. 12, f. 2; [Opler]; [NL4A], #53; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [SVF]
Laertias polydamas; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
Papilio polydamas; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 200, 3: pl. 65, f. 14; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 517
polydamus; McDunnough, 1938, (missp.)

Mentioned by Linnaeus description, is really *Papilio androgeus*
468x595 (~50Kb) Plate No. 31 © MERIAN

B. p. polydamas Tropical America (continetal)

Papilio anguicidas Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name)
- = ; [NL4A], #53a

Battus (Battus) polydamas polydamas; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 156; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 3, f. 1-8, pl. 16, f. 5-6
Battus polydamas polydamas; [BCR], 68; [John Shuey]; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #53a; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio polydamas polydamas; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 520

B. p. psittacus (Molina, 1782) NE.Chile, ?W.Argentina (Mendoza)

Papilio psittacus Molina, 1782; Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili: 211, 347; TL: Chile
Papilio archidamas Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 321; TL: Chile
- = ; [NL4A], #53o
Papilio bias Kirby, 1871; Syn. Cat. diurn. Lep.: 521 (preocc. Fabricius, 1787); TL: Chile
- = ; [NL4A], #53o
lindeni (Ehrmann, 1926) (Papilio); ; TL: "Argentina"
- = ; [NL4A], #53o

Battus (Battus) archidamas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, pl. 6, f. 7-8, pl. 17, f. 7-8
Battus archidamas; [BOW]: pl. 12, f. 2 (text only)
Battus polydamas archidamas; Benyamini, Ugarte, Shapiro, Mielke, Pyrcz & Bálint, 2014, Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 63: 12 (list)
Battus polydamas psittacus; [NL4A], #53o; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio archidamas; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 516

B. p. cebriones (Dalman, 1823) Martinique

Papilio cebriones Dalman, 1823; Analecta Entomologica: 38
Ithobalus xenodamas Hübner, [1825]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2: pl. 113, f. 1-2
- = ; [NL4A], #53d
Papilio eurydamas Kirby, 1871; Syn. Cat. diurn. Lep.: 521; TL: Martinique
- = ; [NL4A], #53d

Battus (Battus) polydamas cebriones; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 7
Battus polydamas cebriones; [NL4A], #53d; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Battus polydamas xenodamas;
Papilio polydamas xenodamas; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 518

B. p. neodamas (Lucas, 1852) Guadeloupe

Papilio neodamas Lucas, 1852; Revue Mag. Zool. (2) 4 (4): 193, 4 (9): pl. 10, f. 5; TL: [Guadelope]

Battus (Battus) polydamas neodamas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 5
Battus polydamas neodamas; [NL4A], #53l; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio polydamas neodamas; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 518

B. p. polycrates (Hopffer, 1866) Haïti, Dominican Republic

Papilio polycrates Hopffer, 1866; Stettin ent. Ztg 27 (1-3): 24; TL: "Pará"
Papilio hypodamas Guenée, 1872; Mém. Soc Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 22: 371; TL: Haiti
- = ; [NL4A], #53n

Battus (Battus) polydamas polycrates; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 4, f. 7-8, pl. 16, f. 7-8
Battus polydamas polycrates; [NL4A], #53n; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio polydamas polycrates; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 522

B. p. streckerianus (Honrath, 1884) Peru

Papilio streckerianus Honrath, 1884; Berl. ent. Z. 28 (2): 395, pl. 10, f. 1, 1A; TL: Peru
Papilio mathani Oberthür, 1892; ; TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #53q

Battus (Battus) streckerianus streckerianus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 6, f. 1-2, pl. 17, f. 1-2
Battus polydamas streckerianus; [NL4A], #53q; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio streckerianus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 516

B. p. dominicus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Dominique

Papilio polydamas dominicus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 519, pl. 7, f. 41; TL: Dominica

Battus (Battus) polydamas dominicus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 6
Battus polydamas dominicus; [NL4A], #53g; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. antiquus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Antigua

Papilio polydamas antiquus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 523; TL: Antigua

Battus (Battus) polydamas antiquus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 2
Battus polydamas antiquus; [NL4A], #53b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. jamaicensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Jamaica

Papilio polydamas jamaicensis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 522, pl. 7, f. 40; TL: Jamaica

Battus (Battus) polydamas jamaicensis; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 4, f. 5-6
Battus polydamas jamaicensis; [NL4A], #53i; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. lucayus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Bahamas, Florida (migratory)

Papilio polydamas lucayus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 521; TL: Bahamas

Battus (Battus) polydamas lucayus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 4, f. 1-2
Battus polydamas lucayus; [NACL], #4158a; [NL4A], #53j; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. lucianus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Saint Lucy

Papilio polydamas lucianus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 518, pl. 7, f. 37; TL: St. Lucia

Battus (Battus) polydamas lucianus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 8
Battus polydamas lucianus; [NL4A], #53k; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. vincentius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Saint Vincent

Papilio polydamas vincentius Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 517, pl. 7, f. 36; TL: St. Vincent

Battus (Battus) polydamas vincentius; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 3
Battus polydamas vincentius; [NL4A], #53s; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. thyamus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) Puerto Rico, Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands

Papilio polydamas thyamus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 523; TL: St. Thomas
Papilio ?cnejus Fabricius, 1938; (nom. dub.)
- = ; [NL4A], #53r

Battus (Battus) polydamas thyamus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 5, f. 1
Battus polydamas thyamus; [NL4A], #53r; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. grenadensis (Hall, 1930) Granada

polydamas grenadensis (Hall, 1930) (Papilio); ; TL: Grenada

Battus (Battus) polydamas grenadensis; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 4
Battus polydamas grenadensis; [NL4A], #53h; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. christopheranus (Hall, 1936) Saint Kitts

polydamas christopheranus (Hall, 1936) (Papilio); ; TL: St. Kitts

Battus (Battus) polydamas christopheranus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 4, pl. 5, f. 2
Battus polydamas christopheranus; [NL4A], #53e; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. cubensis (Dufrane, 1946) Cuba

Papilio (Pharmacophagus) polydamas cubensis Dufrane, 1946; ; TL: Cuba

Battus (Battus) polydamas cubensis; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 3, pl. 4, f. 3-4
Battus polydamas cubensis; [NL4A], #53f; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. peruanus (Fuchs, 1954) Peru

polydamas peruanus (Fuchs, 1954) (Papilio); ; TL: Peru

Battus (Battus) streckerianus peruanus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, pl. 6, f. 3-4, pl. 17, f. 3-4
Battus polydamas peruanus; [NL4A], #53m

B. p. atahualpa Racheli & Pischedda, 1987 Peru

Battus polydamas atahualpa Racheli & Pischedda, 1987; Fragm. Ent. Roma 19: (311-321); TL: Peru

Battus (Battus) streckerianus atahualpa; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, pl. 6, f. 5-6, pl. 17, f. 5-6
Battus polydamas atahualpa; [NL4A], #53c; [iNaturalist]

B. p. renani Lamas, 1998 Peru

Battus polydamas renani Lamas, 1998; Revta peruana Ent. 40 (1997): 127, f. 2-5; TL: Peru, Huancavelica, Campo Armiño (12°21S, 74°39W)

Battus (Battus) streckerianus renani; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 1
Battus polydamas renani; [NL4A], #53p; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. p. weyrauchi Lamas, 1998 Peru

Battus polydamas weyrauchi Lamas, 1998; Revta peruana Ent. 40 (1997): 128; TL: Peru, Cuzco, Rio Urubamba, Santa Ana, 1100m

Battus (Battus) streckerianus weyrauchi; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 2-3
Battus polydamas weyrauchi; [NL4A], #53t; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Subgenus Battuosa Möhn, 1999

Battuosa Möhn, 1999; Butterflies of the World 5: 5; TS: Papilio belus Cramer

Battuosa; [NHM-BMW]

The madyes species-group

Madyes; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5

Battus madyes (Doubleday, 1846)

-. See [maps]

Papilio madyes Doubleday, 1846; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18 (121): 375; TL: Bolivia

Battus (Battuosa) madyes; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4
Battus madyas[sic?]; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 3
Battus madyes; [NL4A], #51; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio madyes; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 524

B. m. madyes Bolivia

Battus madyes madyes; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 8, f. 1-2, pl. 18, f. 6; [NL4A], #51a; [BOA]
Papilio madyes madyes; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 525

B. m. chlorodamas (Guenée, 1872) E.Peru

Papilio chlorodamas Guenée, 1872; Mém. Soc Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 22: 369; TL: Peru
Papilio madyes var. marsyas Staudinger, 1894; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (1): 59; TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #51e

Battus madyes chlorodamas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 7, f. 5-6, pl. 18, f. 5; [NL4A], #51e; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio madyes chlorodamas; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 525

B. m. montebanus (Dyar, 1913) Peru

Papilio madyes montebanus Dyar, 1913; Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 45 (2006): 627; TL: Peru, San Miguel, 6000ft
Battus madyes inca Möhn, 1999; Butterflies of the World 8: 1, pl. 1, f. 7-8, pl. 4, f. 8; TL: Macchu Picchu, Cuzco, S.Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #51i

Battus madyes inca; [BW5]
Battus madyes montebanus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 7, f. 8; [NL4A], #51i; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. m. plinius (Weymer, 1890) N.Peru

Papilio plinius Weymer, 1890; Reisen Süd-America: 125, pl. 1, f. 1; TL: Peru
philetas fabius (Biedermann, 1935) (Papilio); (preocc. Cramer, 1776); TL: "Colombia"
- = ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6; [NL4A], #51k

Battus madyes plinius; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 7, f. 3-4, pl. 18, f. 3-4; [NL4A], #51k; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio madyes plinius; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 525

B. m. tucumanus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) NW.Argentina

Papilio madyes tucumanus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 526; TL: Argentina

Battus madyes tucumanus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 8, f. 3-4; [NL4A], #51l; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. m. adloni (Ehrmann, 1926) C.Ecuador

madyes adloni (Ehrmann, 1926) (Papilio); ; TL: E.Ecuador

Battus madyes adloni; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, (back) f. 5-6; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 4; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #51b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. m. philetas (Hewitson, 1869) S.Ecuador

Papilio philetas Hewitson, 1869; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (1): 31; TL: S.Ecuador

Battus madyes philetas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 4, pl. 4, f. 5-6; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #51j; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Battus philetas; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 3 (text only)
Papilio philetas; Hewitson, 1869, Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio X-XII): [21], pl. [11], f. 35-36; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 524

B. m. magnimacula Joicey & Talbot, 1925 N.Peru

Papilio philetas magnimacula Joicey & Talbot, 1925; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 16 (96): 647; TL: N.Peru, W. slopes of the Andes, 10000ft

Battus madyes magnimacula; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 7, f. 7; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #51h; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Battus philetas magnimacula;

B. m. lojaensis Möhn, 1999 S.Ecuador

Battus (Battuosa) madyes lojaensis Möhn, 1999; ; TL: Loja, Süd-Ecuador

Battus madyes lojaensis; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 5, pl. 7, f. 1-2, pl. 18, f. 1-2; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #51g; [iNaturalist]

B. m. buechei Lamas, 1998 C.Peru

Battus madyes buechei Lamas, 1998; Revta peruana Ent. 40 (1997): 127; TL: Peru, Huanuco, Chinchao, 1900m

Battus madyes buechei; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, (back) f. 3-4; [NL4A], #51c; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. m. callangaensis Möhn, 2001 Peru

(Battuosa) madyes callangaensis Möhn, 2001; (repl.); TL: Peru
Battus madyes crispatus Lamas, 2001; (repl. Papilio madyes crispus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); TL: Peru
Papilio madyes crispus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 525, pl. 7, f. 43 (preocc. Papilio crispus Cramer, [1777]); TL: Peru
- = Battus madyes montebanus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6
- = ; [NL4A], #51d

Battus madyes callangaensis; [NL4A], #51d; [iNaturalist]
Battus madyes crispatus; [BOA]

B. m. frankenbachi Möhn, 2001 Peru

madyes frankenbachi Möhn, 2001; ; TL: Peru

Battus madyes frankenbachi; [NL4A], #51f; [iNaturalist]

The belus species-group

Belus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6

Battus eracon (Godman & Salvin, 1897)

Mexico. See [maps]

Papilio eracon Godman & Salvin, 1897; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1897 (2): 248; TL: Mexico, Colima
f. ochracea (Vázquez, 1953) (Papilio); (preocc. Rousseau-Decelle, 1933); TL: Mexico, Michoacán
- = ; [NL4A], #47
ab. incolorus Vázquez, 1957; ; TL: Mexico, Jalisco
- = ; [NL4A], #47

Battus (Battuosa) eracon; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 6, pl. 9, f. 7-8, pl. 19, f. 3-4
Battus eracon; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 4 (text only); [NL4A], #47; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
Papilio eracon; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 728, 3: pl. 111, f. 11-12; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 528

Battus polystictus (Butler, 1874)

-. See [maps]

Papilio polystictus Butler, 1874; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1874 (4): 435; TL: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul

Battus (Battuosa) polystictus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7
Battus polystictus; [NL4A], #54; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 4; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]

B. p. polystictus Brazil(Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Urugyau, Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes - Buenos Aires)

Battus polystictus polystictus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 9, f. 1-4, pl. 19, f. 1-2; [NL4A], #54a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio polystictus polystictus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 527

B. p. galenus (Fruhstorfer, 1907) Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)

Papilio polystictus galenus Fruhstorfer, 1907; Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (2): 296; TL: "Surinam"
Papilio polystictus janira Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 527 (preocc. Linnaeus, 1758); TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- = ; [NL4A], #54b

Battus polystictus galenus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 9, f. 5-6; [NL4A], #54b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Battus laodamas (C. & R. Felder, 1859)

-. See [maps]

Papilio laodamas C. & R. Felder, 1859; Wien. ent. Monats. 3 (12): 393, pl. 8, f. 1; TL: Colombia

Battus (Battuosa) laodamas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7
Battus laodamas; [NL4A], #49; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Battus laodamus; [BAMONA]
Battus laodamus[sic]; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 1 (text only)
Papilio laodamas; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 532

B. l. laodamas Colombia - SW.Venzuela

Battus laodamas laodamas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 10, f. 7-8, pl. 19, f. 5-6; [NL4A], #49a; [BOA]
Papilio laodamas laodamas; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 534

B. l. copanae (Reakirt, 1863) S.Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras

Papilio copanae Reakirt, 1863; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (2): 141; TL: Guatemala
Papilio chrysodamas Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1; TL: Guatemala
- = Papilio copanae; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 202
- = ; [NL4A], #49b
Papilio chromealus Ehrmann, 1912; ; TL: Honduras
- = ; [NL4A], #49b
f. ochracea (Vázquez, 1949) (Papilio); ; TL: Mexico(Veracruz)
- = ; [NL4A], #49b
f. media (Vázquez, 1953) (Papilio); ; TL: Mexico(Veracruz)
- = ; [NL4A], #49b
f. iopanae Vázquez, 1957; ; TL: Mexico(Oaxaca)
- = ; [NL4A], #49b

Battus laodamas copanae; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 10, f. 3-4; [NL4A], #49b; [John Shuey]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio copanae; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 202, 3: pl. 66, f. 4-6
Papilio laodamas copanae; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 533

B. l. iopas (Godman & Salvin, 1897) N.Mexico

Papilio iopas Godman & Salvin, 1897; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1897 (2): 248; TL: Mexico, Colima
Papilio procas Godman & Salvin, [1890]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 203, 3: pl. 65, f. 14-16 (preocc. Cramer, 1777); TL: Mexico, Nayarit
- = ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7; [NL4A], #49c
Papilio laodamas procas f. ochracea Vázquez, 1953; ; TL: Mexico, Michoacán
- = ; [NL4A], #49c

Battus laodamas iopas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 10, f. 1-2; [NL4A], #49c; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio iopas; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 728, 3: pl. 111, f. 9-10
Papilio laodamas procas; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 532

B. l. rhipidius Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 Costa Rica, Panama

Battus laodamas rhipidius Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 533, pl. 4, f. 4; TL: Costa Rica

Battus laodamas rhipidius; [BCR], 69; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 10, f. 5-6; [NL4A], #49d; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Battus ingenuus (Dyar, 1907)

SE.Mexico - Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad. See [maps]

Papilio ingenuus Dyar, 1907; ; TL: Orizaba, Mexico
Papilio latinus C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72 (preocc. Donovan, 1805); TL: Venezuela, Merida
- = ; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #48
Papilio belus f. chrysomaculatus Niepelt, 1915; ; TL: Ecuador,Macas
- = ; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #48
Papilio belus camposia Schaus, 1928; Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 30 (3): 46; TL: Baños, Ecuador
- = ; [NL4A], #48; [EcuL]
Battus belus chalceus f. ochracea Vázquez, 1957; ; TL: Mexico, Chiapas
- = ; [NL4A], #48

Battus (Battuosa) ingenuus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 7, pl. 11, f. 1-8, pl. 19, f. 7-8
Battus chalceus ingenuus; [John Shuey]
Battus ingenuus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #48; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio belus f. chrysomaculatus; Strand, 1916, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 24, pl. 13, f. 13

Battus lycidas (Cramer, [1777])

Mexico - Bolivia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guayanas, Para, Ecuador. See [maps]

Papilio lycidas Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 113, f. A; TL: Surinam
Papilio erymanthus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 113, f. C; TL: Surinam
- = Papilio lycidas; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 201
- = ; [NL4A], #50
f. adlatus (Niepelt, 1915) (Papilio); ; TL: Macas, Ecuador
- = ; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #50

Battus (Battuosa) lycidas; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 8, f. 5-8, pl. 18, f. 7-8
Battus lycidas; [BCR], 69; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #50; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
Battus lycides[sic?]; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 1 (text only)
Papilio lycidas; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 201, 3: pl. 65, f. 17; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 728; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 534
Papilio lycidas f. adlatus; Strand, 1916, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 24, pl. 13, f. 12

Battus belus (Cramer, [1777])

-. See [maps]

Papilio belus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 23, pl. 112, f. A, B; TL: Surinam

Battus (Battuosa) belus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8
Battus belus quimi; [iNaturalist]
Battus belus; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 1; [NL4A], #44; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
Papilio belus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 528

B. b. belus Guyanas, Surinam

Papilio numitor Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 25, pl. 113, f. B; TL: Surinam
- = ; [NL4A], #44a
Papilio amulius Esper, 1792; Die ausl. Schmett.: 113, pl. 27, f. 1
- = ; [NL4A], #44a
Papilio caburi Kaye, 1906; Entomologist 39: 51, pl. 2, f. 1; TL: Guyana
- = ; [NL4A], #44a

Battus belus belus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 12, f. 1-2; [NL4A], #44a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio belus belus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 530
Papilio numitor; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 202, 3: pl. 66, f. 1-3; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 728

B. b. varus (Kollar, 1850) Guatemala - Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil(Amazonas)

Papilio varus Kollar, 1850; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1: 354, pl. 42, f. 5-6; TL: "Nova-Granada ad ripas fluminis St. Magdalena"
Papilio belus belus ♀-f. amazonis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 531; TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #44e
Papilio heteropterus Zikán, 1937; ; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
- = ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8; [NL4A], #44e
Papilio belus chalceus Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 529; TL: Mexico, Guerrero
- = ; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8

Battus (Battuosa) belus varus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 12, f. 5-8, pl. 14, f. 4, pl. 20, f. 1-2
Battus belus varus; [BCR], 69; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #44e; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio belus varus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 529
?Battus belus chalceus;
?chalceus; [NL4A], 91 (sp. inquirenda)

B. b. belemus (Bates, 1864) Brazil(Pará, Amazonas)

Papilio belemus Bates, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1; TL: Brazil, Pará

Battus belus belemus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 12, f. 3; [NL4A], #44c; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio belus belemus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 531

B. b. cochabamba (Weeks, 1901) Peru, Bolivia

Papilio cochabamba Weeks, 1901; Can. Ent. 33 (10): 265; TL: Bolivia
Papilio belus ab. gastoni Talbot, 1932; ; TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #44d

Battus belus cochabamba; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 13, f. 1-8, pl. 14, f. 1-3, pl. 20, f. 3-4; [NL4A], #44d; [BOA]
Papilio belus cochabamba; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 532

B. b. aureochloris Brown, 1994 Brazil(Pará)

belus aureochloris Brown, 1994; ; TL: Brazil, Pará

Battus belus aureochloris; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 12, f. 4; [NL4A], #44b; [iNaturalist]

Battus crassus (Cramer, [1777])

-. See [maps]

Papilio crassus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 23, pl. 112, f. C; TL: Surinam

Battus (Battuosa) crassus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8
Battus (Battus) crassus; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 156
Battus crassus; [BCR], 69; [BOW]: pl. 23, f. 2; [NL4A], #45; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
Papilio crassus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 536

B. c. crassus Peru, Surinam, Brazil(Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro), N.Argentina (Misiones)

f. ambigua (Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912) (Papilio); ; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- = ; [NL4A], #45a
f. flavus (Fernández, 1932) (Papilio); ; TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #45a

Battus crassus crassus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 14, f. 7-8, pl. 15, f. 1-3, pl. 20, f. 5-6, title f. 1-2; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #45a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. c. hirundo (Röber, 1925) N.Bolivia

crassus hirundo (Röber, 1925) (Papilio); ; TL: Bolivia

Battus crassus hirundo; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 15, f. 7-8, pl. 20, f. 7-8; [NL4A], #45b; [BOA]
Battus hirundo; [BNR]

B. c. paraensis (Brown, 1994) Brazil(Pará)

crassus paraensis (Brown, 1994) (Papilio); ; TL: Brazil, Pará

Battus (Battuosa) crassus paraensis; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 9, pl. 14, f. 5-6
Battus crassus paraensis; [NL4A], #45d; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

B. c. lepidus (C. & R. Felder, 1861) Costa Rica, Venezuela, W.Colombia, WEcuador

Papilio lepidus C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72; TL: Venezuela, prov. Caracas

Battus crassus lepidus; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 5: 8, pl. 15, f. 4-6; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #45c; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio lepidus; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 203

References:

[BAMONA] Opler, Pavulaan, Stanford & Pogue
Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[BCA] electronic
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA
[BHL] The
Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!
[BOA] Interactive Listing of American Butterflies
Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America
[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[GALEPS] Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States
James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm
[HBN] Francis Hemming, 1937
HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[John Shuey]
e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org
[LAMAS-2005] Gerardo Lamas
Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)
[LAMAS-NEO] Gerardo Lamas
Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[LEPIFORUM]
Lepiforum; Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien
[MERIAN] Merian, M. S., 1705
Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium. Of te verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen, na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ook de generatie der kirkvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren werden vertoond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven; pp. 1-60, pl. 1-60; Image from Francisco Welter-Schultes
[MPG]
North American Moth Photographers Group
[NHM-BMW] Natural History Museum
Butterflies and Moths of the World; Generic Names and their Type-species
[Opler] Opler & Warren, 2003
Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.
[P&N23] Pohl & Nanz, 2023
Annotated Taxonomic Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico
[SVF]
Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)
[Vitaly Charny]
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Bates, 1864
New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama, collected by Osbert Salvin and F. du Cane Godman, Esqs. Ent. mon. Mag. 1 (1): 1-6 (1864), (2): 31-35 (1864), (3): 55-59 (1864), (4): 81-85 (1864), (5): 113-116 (1864), (6): 126-131 (1864), (7): 161-164 (1864), (8): 178-180 (1865), (9): 202-205 (1865)
Benyamini, Ugarte, Shapiro, Mielke, Pyrcz & Bálint, 2014
An updated list of the butterflies of Chile (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) including distribution, flight period and conservation status. Part I, Comprising the families: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nympalidae (in part) and Hesperiidae. Describing a new species of Hypsochila (Pieridae) and a new subspecies of Yramea modesta (Nymphalidae) Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 63 : 9-31
Boisduval, 1836
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres. Tome Premier Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 1-690, pl. 1-24
Brown & Mielke, 1967
Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (2): 77-106, (3): 145-168
Butler, 1874
Descriptions of some new species and a new genus of diurnal Lepidoptera in the collection of Herbert Druce Esq. Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1874 (4) : 423-436, pl. 6
Cramer, [1777]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)
[BNR]; D'Abrera, 1981
Butterflies of the Neotropical Region
Dalman, 1823
Analecta Entomologica. Holimae. Typis Lindhianis Analecta Entomologica : 1-104,[105-108]
Doubleday, 1846
Descriptions of new or imperfectly described Diurnal Lepidoptera Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18 (121) : 371-376
Doubleday, 1846
The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 18*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29 (15-23) (1848), (1): pl. 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)
Drury, [1773]
Illustrations of natural history; wherein are exhibited ... Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 1 : pl. 1-50 (1770), (1773) , : 1-123 (1837)
Dyar, 1903
A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723
Dyar, 1913
Results of the Yale Peruvian expedition of 1911. Lepidoptera Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 45 (2006) : 627-649
Ehrmann, 1900
Variations in Some Common Species of Butterflies Can. Ent. 32 (11) : 348
Esper, 1792
Die ausländischen oder die ausserhalb Europa zur Zeit in den übrige Welttheilen vorgefundenen Schmetterlinge in Abbildung nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen Die ausl. Schmett. : 1-20, pl. 1-4 (1784), : 21-36, pl. 5-8 (1785), : 37-52, pl. 9-12 (1786), : 53-66, pl. 13-16 (1788), : 65-80, pl. 17-20 (1790), : 81-96, pl. 21-24 (1791), : 97-144, pl. 25-36 (1792), : 145-160, pl. 37-40 (1793), : 161-192, pl. 41-46 (1796), : 193-204, pl. 47-50 (1797), : 205-220, pl. 51-54 (1799), : 221-254, pl. 55-59,60A,60B,60C,60D (1801), : (Internet archive page/plate links are for [1830] 2nd ed.)
C. & R. Felder, 1859
Lepidopterologische Fragmente. I-IV Wien. ent. Monats. 3 (6): 178-186, pl. 3-4, (9): 263-273, pl. 5, (11): 321-328, pl. 6, (12): 390-405, pl. 7-9
C. & R. Felder, 1861
Lepidoptera nova Columbiae Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72-87, (4): 97-111
Fruhstorfer, 1907
Verzeichniss der von Herrn Dr. Theodor Koch-Grünberg am oberen Waupes 1903-1905 gesammelten Rhopaloceren mit Besprechung verwandter Arten Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (1): 117-164 (May), (2): 207-309, pl. 1 (July)
Godart, 1823
Description De quelques espèces nouvelles de lépidoptères diurnes Mém. Soc. linn. Paris 2 : 226-243
Godman & Salvin, [1890]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-741 (?782), 3: pl. 1-112
Godman & Salvin, 1889
Descriptions of new Species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 3 (16) : 351-358
Godman & Salvin, 1897
Descriptions of New Species of Central and South American Rhopalocera Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1897 (2) : 241-248
Hewitson, 1869
Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson. Ill. exot. Butts [1] : (Systematic Index) I, (Ornithoptera and Papilio): [1-2], pl. [1] (1855), (Papilio II): [3-4], pl. [2] (1856), (Papilio III): [5-6], pl. [3] (1858), (Papilio IV): [7-8], pl. [4] (1859), (Papilio V): [9-10], pl. [5] (1861), (Papilio VI): [11-12], pl. [6] (1864), (Papilio VII-VIII): [13-16], pl. [7-8] (1865), (Papilio IX): [17-18], pl. [9] (1868), (Papilio X-XII): [19-22], pl. [10-12] (1869), (Papilio XIII): [23-24], pl. [13] (1873), (Papilio XIV): [25-26], pl. [14] (1875), (Papilio XV): [27-28], pl. [15] (1877), (Pieris I): [29-30], pl. [16] (1852), (Pieris II): [31-32], pl. [17] (1853), (Pieris III-VI): [33-40], pl. [18-21] (1861), (Pieris VII): [41-42], pl. [22] (1862), (Pieris VIII): [43-44], pl. [23] (1866), (Euterpe): [45-46], pl. [24] (1860), (Euterpe II): [47-48], pl. [25] (1872), (Euterpe and Leptalis): [49-50], pl. [26] (1853), (Leptalis II): [51-52], pl. [27] (1857), (Leptalis III): [53-54], pl. [28] (1858), (Leptalis IV): [55-56], pl. [29] (1860), (Leptalis V-VII): [57-62], pl. [30-32] (1870), (Callidryas and Eronia): [63-64], pl. [33] (1867), (Euploea): [65-66], pl. [34] (1858), (Euploea II): [67-68], pl. [35] (1866), (Heliconia I): [69-70], pl. [36] (1853), (Heliconia II-III): [71-74], pl. [37-38] (1854), (Heliconia IV): [75-76], pl. [39] (1858), (Heliconia V): [77-78], pl. [40] (1867), (Heliconia VI): [79-80], pl. [41] (1871), (Heliconia and Tithorea VII): [81-82], pl. [42] (1873), (Heliconia VIII): [83-84], pl. [43] (1875), (Athesis): [85-86], pl. [44] (1872), (Mechanitis I): [87-88], pl. [45] (1856), (Mechanitis II-III): [89-92], pl. [46-47] (1860), (Ithomia I): [93-94], pl. [48] (1851), (Ithomia II): [95-96], pl. [49] (1852), (Ithomia III): [97-98], pl. [50] (1853), (Ithomia IV-V): [99-102], pl. [51-52] (1854), (Ithomia VI-XIII): [103-118], pl. [53-60] (1855)
Hewitson, 1869
Descriptions of two new species of Papilio from Ecuador Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (1) : 31-32
[NACL]; Hodges, 1983
Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico Check List Lep. Am. N of Mexico
Honey & Scoble, 2001
Linnaeus's butterflies Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132: 277-399, 39figs
Honrath, 1884
Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Rhopalocera (2) Berl. ent. Z. 28 (2) : 395-398, pl. 10
Hopffer, 1866
Neue Arten der Gattung Papilio im Berliner Museum Stettin ent. Ztg 27 (1-3) : 22-32
Hübner, [1825]
Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, Vol. 2 ([1819] - [1827]) Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. [90], [180], [223] (1819), : pl. [2], [12], [16], [78], [141], [182] (1820), : pl. [11], [13], [24], [77], [83], [97], [102-103], [108-109], [116-117], [122], [147], [150], [164], [183], [195], [197], [212-214] (1821), : pl. [14], [18-19], [26], [38-39], [43], [68], [70-71], [74], [84], [86], [92], [94-95], [106], [114], [121], [161], [169], [174], [177-178], [184], [194], [200], [204-205], [207-208], [210] (1821), : pl. [33], [72], [76], [115], [131], [138-139], [153], [198], [211], [218], [220] (1822), : pl. [32], [75], [81], [93], [105], [129] (1822), : pl. [1], [6], [22-23], [25], [27], [29-31], [34-37], [40-42], [48], [50-53], [56], [58-59], [64-66], [69], [73], [87], [89], [91], [96], [98-101], [110], [124], [128], [130], [132-137], [142], [155-158], [160], [162-163], [165-167], [170-173], [175-176], [187-188], [196], [199], [201-202], [206], [215-216], [219], [222], [224] (1823), : pl. [54], [118], [143], [149], [159] [179], [181], [185], [203], [217] (1824), : pl. [3-5], [8-10], [15], [20], [45], [49], [55], [60], [62-63], [67], [79-80], [88], [104], [111-113], [120], [125], [127], [140], [144-146], [148], [151-152], [154], [168], [189-193], [221], [225] (1825), : pl. [7], [17], [21], [28], [44], [46-47], [57], [61], [82], [123], [126] (1826), : pl. [85], [119], [186], [209] (1827), : (Index Systematicus) [1-4] (1827-1832)
Hübner, [1819]
Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
Joicey & Talbot, 1925
Notes on some Lepidoptera, with descriptions of new forms Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 16 (96) : 633-653
Kaye, 1906
New species of Guiana and Jamaican butterflies Entomologist 39 : 49-53, pl. 2
Kirby, 1871
A synonymic catalogue of the diurnal Lepidoptera Syn. Cat. diurn. Lep.: vii + 690pp : 1-690
Kollar, 1850
Beiträge zur Insecten-Fauna von Neu-Granada und Venezuela Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1 : 351-364, pl. 42-45
Lamas, 1998
Cinco papiliónidos nuevos del Perú (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Revta peruana Ent. 40 (1997) : 127-131
[NL4A]; Lamas, 2004
Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera
[BOW]; Lewis, 1974
Butterflies of the World
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
Linnaeus, 1771
Mantissa Plantarum altera Generum editionis Vi & Specierum editionis II Mantissa Plant. 2: -,[iv], 142-510, + Regni Animalis Appendix 511-552
Lucas, 1852
Description de nouvelles Espèces de Lépidoptères appartenant aux Collections entomologiques du Musée de Paris Revue Mag. Zool. (2) 4 (3): 128-141 (1852), 4 (4): 189-198 (1852), 4 (6): 290-300 (1852), 4 (7): 324-343 (1852), 4 (9): 422-432, pl. 10 (1852), 5 (7): 310-322 (1853)
Moore, [1881]
The Lepidoptera of Ceylon Lepid. Ceylon 1 (1): 1-40, pl. 1-18 (Dec 1880), (2): 41-80, pl. 19-36 (Jan 1881), (3): 81-136, pl. 37-54 (Jun 1881), (4): 137-190, pl. 55-71 (Dec 1881)
[BW5]; Möhn, 1999
Papilionidae II. Battus Butterflies of the World 5 : 1-13, pl. 1-20
Möhn, 1999
Papilionidae V. New and rare Papilionidae Butterflies of the World 8 : 1-6, pl. 1-4
Oberthür, 1879
Catalogue raisonné des Papilionidae de la Collection de Ch. Oberthür Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 19-102, 107-117 (Appendice), pl. 1-6
[NAB]; Pyle, 1981
Field Guide to North American Butterflies, National Audubon Society
[BOC]; Pyle, 2002
The Butterflies of Cascadia
Racheli & Pischedda, 1987
A new subspecies of Battus polydamas (Linnaeus, 1758) from Peru (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) Fragm. Ent. Roma 19: 311-321
[EcuL]; Racheli & Racheli, 2001
An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae) Frag. ent. 33 (2) : 213-380
Reakirt, 1863
Notes on Central American Lepidoptera, with descriptions of new species Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (2): 135-142 (1863), (3): 345-360 (1864)
Rothschild & Jordan, 1906
A revision of the American Papilios Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 411-752, pl. 4-9
Schaus, 1928
New species of Lepidoptera in the United States National Museum Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 30 (3) : 46-58
Scopoli, 1777
Introductio ad Historiam naturalem sisteus Genera Lapidum, Plantarum et ANimalium detecta, Characteribus -- in tribus divisa, subinde ad Leges Naturae Introd. Hist. nat. : 3-506
Staudinger, 1894
Hochlandine Lepidoptera Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (1) : 43-100, pl. 1-2
Strand, 1916
Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer und wenig bekannter Lepidoptera aus der Sammlung W. Niepelt Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2) : 1-26, pl. 13-17
Strecker, 1885
Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 37 (12): 174-176, (13): 177-179
[BCR]; DeVries, 1987
Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae The Butterflies of Costa Rica 1
Weeks, 1901
An aberration of Papilio philenor J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 9 : 82-83, pl. 6
Weeks, 1901
New diurnal Lepidoptera from Bolivia Can. Ent. 33 (10): 265-269, (11): 293-296
Westwood, 1847
Description of Two new Exotic Species of the Genus Papilio Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 5 : 36-37, pl. 3
Weymer in Weymer & Maassen, 1890
Lepidoptera gesammelt auf einer Reise durch Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brasilien, Argentinien und Bolivien in den Jahren 1868-1877 von Alphons Stübel Reisen Süd-America : 1-182, pl. 1-9

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