Panacea

Panacea Godman & Salvin, [1883]

Panacea Godman & Salvin, [1883]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 274 (repl. for Pandora Doubleday, [1848]); TS: Pandora prola Doubleday
- = Batesia; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 37
Pandora Doubleday, [1848]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): pl. 43, f. 5 (preocc. Pandora Bruguière, 1797, Pandora Lamarck, 1799, Pandora Megerle, 1811, Pandora Eschscholtz, 1829, Pandora Haliday, 1833, Pandora Oken, 1835, Pandora Chevrolet, 1843); TS: Pandora prola Doubleday
- = Panacea; [NL4A], 239
Pandora Westwood, [1850]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): 300

Panacea; Godman & Salvin, [1883], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 274; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Panacea (Ageroniina); [EcuL]; [NL4A], 239
Panacea (Ageroniini); [Wahlberg, 2023]
Panacea (Biblidini);
Pandora; [CoL] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]

Panacea prola (Doubleday, [1848])

Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guianas, Upper Amazon. See [maps]

Pandora prola Doubleday, [1848]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): pl. 43, f. 5; TL: Colombia (Mt Tolymna)
Pandora prola Westwood, [1850]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): 300

Panacea prola; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 39, f. 23; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 203, f. 3, 11, 13; [NL4A], #1835; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]

P. p. prola Colombia, Venezuela

Panacea prola fem.f. dubia Kretzschmar, [1894]; ; TL: Colombia
- = ; [NL4A], #1835a
Panacea prola zaraja Fruhstorfer, 1912; Ent. Rundschau 29 (6): 46; TL: Venezuela
- = ; [NL4A], #1835a

Panacea prola dubia; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
Panacea prola prola; [NL4A], #1835a; [BOA]

P. p. zaraja Fruhstorfer, 1912 Venezuela

Panacea prola zaraja Fruhstorfer, 1912; Ent. Rundschau 29 (6): 46

Panacea prola zaraja; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 204; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
Panacea prola zarja[sic, zaraja]; Fruhstorfer, 1915, Soc. ent. 30 (12): 66

P. p. amazonica Fruhstorfer, 1915 Upper Amazon, Peru, Ecuador

Panacea prola amazonica Fruhstorfer, 1915; Soc. ent. 30 (12): 66; TL: Oberer Amazonestrom
Panacea prola amazonica f. bronzina Bryk, 1953; Arkiv. Zool. (2) 5 (1): (1-268) ; TL: Ecuador
- = ; [NL4A], #1835b

Panacea prola amazonica; [EcuL]; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 204; [NL4A], #1835b; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]

P. p. prolifica Fruhstorfer, 1915 Ecuador

Panacea prola prolifica Fruhstorfer, 1915; Soc. ent. 30 (12): 66; TL: Ecuador
- = Panacea prola amazonica; [NL4A], #1835b

Panacea prola prolifica; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 204; [LepIndex]; [CoL]

Panacea regina (Bates, 1864)

Upper Amazon, Ecuador, Peru. See [maps]

Pandora regina Bates, 1864; J. Entomol. 2 (10): 213; TL: St. Paulo [de Olivença]

Panacea regina; [BOW]: pl. 40, f. 1; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 204, f. 4-5, f. 11, 13; [NL4A], #1836; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]

P. r. regina Brazil(Amazonas)

Panacea regina regina; [NL4A], #1836a; [BOA]

P. r. victrix Fruhstorfer, 1915 Ecuador

Panacea regina victrix Fruhstorfer, 1915; Soc. ent. 30 (12): 66; TL: Ecuador
- = Panacea regina; [EcuL]
- = Panacea regina chalcothea; [NL4A], #1836b

Panacea regina victrix; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 204; [LepIndex]; [CoL]

Panacea chalcothea (Bates, 1868)

Western Amazonas (Ecuador, Peru), Colombia?. See [maps]

Pandora chalcothea Bates, 1868; Ent. mon. Mag. 4 (44): 170; TL: Colombia,Peru]
- = regina (Bates, 1864); [EcuL]

Panacea chalcothea; [EBW], (name only); [BOW]: pl. 39, f. 23 (text only); Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 205, f. 6; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Panacea regina chalcothea; [NL4A], #1836b; [BOA]

Panacea divalis (Bates, 1868)

Upper Amazon, Colombia - Peru, W.Brazil. See [maps]

Pandora divalis Bates, 1868; Ent. mon. Mag. 4 (44): 171; TL: Pebas, Amazonas

Panacea divalis; [BOW]: pl. 39, f. 21; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 206, f. 7-8, 12-13; [iNaturalist]
Panacea procilla divalis; Seitz, 1916, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 537; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #1834c; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Panacea procilla (Hewitson, 1854)

Panama - Amazon Basin, Colombia. See [maps]

Pandora procilla Hewitson, 1854; Ill. exot. Butts [3] (Pandora & Prepona): [81], pl. [43], f. 1-2, 4; TL: Colombia

Panacea procilla; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 39, f. 22; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 207, f. 9, 12-13; [NL4A], #1834; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. p. procilla W.Venezuela

Panacea procilla procilla; [NL4A], #1834a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. p. lysimache Godman & Salvin, [1883] Panama (Volcan Chiriqui), Costa Rica?

Panacea lysimache Godman & Salvin, [1883]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 275; TL: Panama, Chiriqui

Panacea procilla lysimache; [NL4A], #1834d; Seitz, 1916, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 537; [BCR]: 141, pl. 22; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 209; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. p. ocana Fruhstorfer, 1912 Colombia (lower Magdalena River)

Panacea procilla ocana Fruhstorfer, 1912; Ent. Rundschau 29 (6): 46; TL: Colombia
- = Panacea procilla procilla; [NL4A], #1834a

Panacea procilla ocana; Fruhstorfer, 1915, Soc. ent. 30 (12): 66; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 209; [LepIndex]; [CoL]

P. p. salacia Fruhstorfer, 1915 Colombia

Panacea procilla salacia Fruhstorfer, 1915; Soc. ent. 30 (12): 66; TL: Colombia
- = Panacea procilla procilla; [NL4A], #1834a

Panacea procilla salacia; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 209; [LepIndex]; [CoL]

P. p. mamorensis Hall, 1917 Brazil(Rondônia)

Panacea procilla var. mamorensis Hall, 1917; Entomologist 50: 173; TL: Brazil, Rondônia

Panacea procilla mamorensis; [NL4A], #1834e; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]

Panacea bleuzeni Plantrou & Attal, 1986

Guianas. See [maps]

Panacea bleuzeni Plantrou & Attal, 1986; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. 50: 23; TL: French Guiana
Panacea bella D'Abrera, 1987; Butterflies of the Neotropical Region 3: 487; TL: French Guiana
- = ; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 209
- = Panacea procilla bleuzeni; [NL4A], #1834b

Panacea bleuzeni; Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002, J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 209, f. 10, 12-13; [iNaturalist]
Panacea procilla bleuzeni; [NL4A], #1834b; [BOA]

References:

[BCA] electronic
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA
[BHL] The
Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!
[BOA] Interactive Listing of American Butterflies
Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America
[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[JLS]
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles
[LAMAS-2005] Gerardo Lamas
Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)
[LAMAS-NEO] Gerardo Lamas
Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[LEPIFORUM]
Lepiforum; Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien
[LepIndex] Global Lepidoptera Index
Beccaloni, G., Scoble, M., Kitching, I., Simonsen, T., Robinson, G., Pitkin, B., Hine, A., Lyal, C., Ollerenshaw, J., Wing, P., & Hobern, D. (2024). Global Lepidoptera Index. In O. Bánki, Y. Roskov, M. Döring, G. Ower, D. R. Hernández Robles, C. A. Plata Corredor, T. Stjernegaard Jeppesen, A. Örn, L. Vandepitte, D. Hobern, P. Schalk, R. E. DeWalt, K. Ma, J. Miller, T. Orrell, R. Aalbu, J. Abbott, R. Adlard, C. Aedo, et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist (1.1.24.106); https://doi.org/10.48580/dg4lg-49xk
[NHM-BMW] Natural History Museum
Butterflies and Moths of the World; Generic Names and their Type-species
[Wahlberg]
Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Bates, 1864
Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon valley, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae J. Entomol. 2 (10): 175-213, pl. 9-10 (1864), (12): 311-346, pl. 13-14 (1865)
Bates, 1868
Note on the genus Pandora (Diurnal Lepidoptera) Ent. mon. Mag. 4 (44) : 169-171
Bryk, 1953
Lepidoptera aus dem Amazonasgebiete und aus Peru gesammelt von Dr. Douglas Melin und Dr. Abraham Roman Arkiv. Zool. (2) 5 (1) : 1-268
D'Abrera, 1987
Brassolidae, Acraedae, Nymphalidae (partim) Butterflies of the Neotropical Region 3 : 385-525
Doubleday, [1848]; Westwood, [1850]
The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 18*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29 (15-23) (1848), (1): pl. 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)
Fruhstorfer, 1912
Neue netropische [sic] Nymphaliden Ent. Rundschau 29 (6) : 45-46 (23 March)
Fruhstorfer, 1915
Neue neotropische Nymphaliden Soc. ent. 30 (12) : 66 (12 November)
Godman & Salvin, [1883]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. (1879-1886) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1-487, 3: pl. 1-24,24a,25-112
Hall, 1917
New butterflies of the family Nymphalidae Entomologist 50 : 161-163, : 171-174
Hewitson, 1854
Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson Ill. exot. Butts [3] : (Systematic Index) III, (Callithea): [1-2], pl. [1] (1857), (Callithea Agrias II): [3-4], pl. [2] (1870), (Epicalia & Myscelia I): [5-6], pl. [3] (1851), (Epicalia II): [7-8], pl. [4] (1852), (Timetes): [9-10], pl. [5] (1852), (Neptis): [11-12], pl. [6] (1868), (Limenitis I-II): [13-16], pl. [7-8] (1859), (Heterochroa): [17-18], pl. [9] (1867), (Diadema): [19-20], pl. [10] (1863), (Diadema II): [21-22], pl. [11] (1865), (Diadema III): [23-24], pl. [12] (1868), (Amechania): [25-26], pl. [13] (1861), (Romaleosoma): [27-28], pl. [14] (1864), (Romaleosoma II-III): [29-32], pl. [15-16] (1865), (Romaleosoma IV): [33-34], pl. [17] (1866), (Euryphene): [35-36], pl. [18] (1864), (Euryphene II): [37-38], pl. [19] (1865), (Euryphene III Aterica): [39-40], pl. [20] (1865), (Euryphene IV): [41-42], pl. [21] (1865), (Aterica & Euryphene V-VI): [43-46], pl. [22-23] (1866), (Euryphene VII): [47-48], pl. [24] (1871), (Euryphene VIII & Aterica): [49-50], pl. [25] (1871), (Euryphene IX): [51-52], pl. [26] (1874), (Aterica & Harma): [53-54], pl. [27] (1866), (Harma): [55-56], pl. [28] (1864), (Harma II): [57-58], pl. [29] (1866), (Harma III-IV): [59-60], pl. [30-31] (1869), (Harma V-VI & Euryphene X): [61-62], pl. [32-33] (1874), (Adolias): [63-64], pl. [34] (1861), (Adolias II): [65-66], pl. [35] (1862), (Adolias III): [67-68], pl. [36] (1863), (Adolias IV): [69-70], pl. [37] (1875), (Agrias): [71-72], pl. [38] (1860), (Agrias & Nymphalis): [73-74], pl. [39] (1855), (Agrias & Siderone): [75-76], pl. [40] (1854), (Prepona): [77-78], pl. [41] (1859), (Prepona II & Agrias): [79-80], pl. [42] (1876), (Pandora & Prepona): [81-82], pl. [43] (1854), (Apatura): [83-84], pl. [44] (1869), (Nymphalis): [85-86], pl. [45] (1854), (Nymphalis II): [87-88], pl. [46] (1859), (Charaxes III): [89-90], pl. [47] (1863), (Charaxes IV): [91-92], pl. [48] (1874), (Charaxes V): [93-94], pl. [49] (1876), (Paphia II): [95-96], pl. [50] (1869), (Paphia & Siderone): [97-98], pl. [51] (1856), (Siderone): [99-100], pl. [52] (1860), (Zeuxidia & Aemona): [101-102], pl. [53] (1868), : iv
Hill, Penz & DeVries, 2002
Phylogenetic analysis and review of Panacea and Batesia butterflies (Nymphalidae) J. Lep. Soc. 56 (4): 199-215
[NL4A]; Lamas, 2004
Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera
[BOW]; Lewis, 1974
Butterflies of the World
Plantrou & Attal, 1986
Description D'une Nouvelle Espece Du Genre Panacea Decouverte En Guyane Française: Panacea bleuzeni nov. sp. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. 50: 23-24
[EcuL]; Racheli & Racheli, 2001
An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae) Frag. ent. 33 (2) : 213-380
Seitz, 1916
Die amerikanischen Tagfalter Gross-Schmett. Erde 5 : 1-48 (1907), : 49-72 (1908), : 73-160 (1909), : 161-200 (1910), : 201-240 (1911), : 241-344 (1912), : 345-456 (1913), : 457-480 (1914), : 481-536 (1915), : 537-615 (1916), : 617-664 (1916), : 665-720 (1917), : 745-768 (1919), : 721-744,769-816 (1920), : 817-856 (1921), : 857-912,937-944 (1922), : 913-936,945-1000 (1923), : 1001-1141 (1924)
[EBW]; Smart, 1976
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World Illust. Encyp. Butt. World: -
[BCR]; DeVries, 1987
Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae The Butterflies of Costa Rica 1
Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021
Genomics-guided refinement of butterfly taxonomy Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3) : 1-55

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