dnsop L. Pan Internet-Draft 10 January 2024 Intended status: Informational Expires: 13 July 2024 Explicit Forged Answer Signal draft-pan-dnsop-explicit-forged-answer-signal-00 Abstract This document describes that recursive resolver should give explict signal in the forged answer. Client could react more clearly based on the explict forged answer signal, to protect user on security and privacy. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 13 July 2024. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Pan Expires 13 July 2024 [Page 1] Internet-Draft EFAS January 2024 Table of Contents 1. Background and Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Attack Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. HTTP Cookies Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Explicit Forged Answer Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4.1. Format 1: Use Extended DNS Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4.2. Format 2: Use TXT RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5. Client Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.1. Reaction 1: Use DNSSEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.2. Reaction 2: Change Recursive Resolver . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.3. Reaction 3: Stop Visit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.4. Reaction 4: Limited Visit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. Background and Motivation Recursive server may replace a forged answer to a query with a configured answer of the authoritative server in some specific scenarios, such as NXDOMAIN, phishing, fraud, malware, ransomware, botnet DDoS attack, and legal requirement, etc. See also [NXRedierct] [ISPRedirect] [DNSFirewall] [LegalRedirect]. The RCODE of faked answer is NOERROR, which make client hard to distinguish it with honest answer, if client doesn't make iterative dns query by itself, or make DNSSEC validation. At least, the client has the right to know that it has received a forged answer and it could make clearer reaction by itself. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Basic terms used in this specification are defined in the documents [RFC1034], [RFC1035], [RFC8499]. * Authoritative Server: Described in [RFC8499]. * Recursive Resolver: Described in [RFC8499]. Pan Expires 13 July 2024 [Page 2] Internet-Draft EFAS January 2024 3. Attack Surface Faked answer can avoid user to visit malicious website, however, it may also increase the security and privacy risk. 3.1. HTTP Cookies Leakage The HTTP cookies risk has been well discussed in [NXDamageControl] and [NXDNSLies]. Furthermore, the risk is not only occured on NXDOMAIN scenario, but also on other faked answer scenarios. Imagine that user visits "abc.example.com" in browser. Recursive resolver return a faked answer to browser. Browser will visit the faked server, and leak the HTTP cookies in "example.com" of the user to it. With the leaked HTTP cookies, the faked server may pretend as the user to visit "abc.example.com", result in user's security issue and privacy leakage. 4. Explicit Forged Answer Signal Recursive resolver should give explict forged answer signal to client. 4.1. Format 1: Use Extended DNS Errors [RFC8914] defined Extended DNS Errors (EDE) extension. Recursive resolver could give the signal by include additional EDE information in DNS response: * INFO-Code is 4. * EXTRA-TEXT is the specific scenario desciption, for example, malware. 4.2. Format 2: Use TXT RR [RFC1035] defined TXT RDATA format. Recursive resolver could give the signal by include additional TXT RR in DNS response, such as: abc.example.com 300 IN A 1.2.3.4 abc.example.com 300 IN TXT "faked=malware" Pan Expires 13 July 2024 [Page 3] Internet-Draft EFAS January 2024 5. Client Reaction Client could make its own reaction when it received an explict forged answer signal from recursive resolver. 5.1. Reaction 1: Use DNSSEC Client could make DNSSEC query by itself. If the domain has deployed DNSSEC, the client could validate the honest answer from authoritative server. 5.2. Reaction 2: Change Recursive Resolver Client could change to another recursive resolver which is not lying. 5.3. Reaction 3: Stop Visit Client could stop to visit on the website, since it knows that the answer is faked. 5.4. Reaction 4: Limited Visit Client could make limited visit on the website, prevent HTTP cookies from being send to the faked server. For example, browser should not send user's HTTP cookies to the faked server, if it gets an explict faked answer signal in the DoH response [RFC8484]. 6. Security Considerations Faked answer is unauthenticated by authoritative server, just offered by recursive resolver on some specific scenarios. Ideally, with the DNSSEC deployed on second level domain, client would not trust any faked answer if it makes all RRSIG validation by itself. Explicit faked answer signal is to help client to make clearer reaction on faked answer, with the help of recursive resolver. As a trade-off, explict faked answer signal could help browser to mitigate the http cookies leaked to faked server, protect user security and privacy in conditional limited environment. Pan Expires 13 July 2024 [Page 4] Internet-Draft EFAS January 2024 7. Acknowledgements Thanks to all in the DNSOP mailing list. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, DOI 10.17487/RFC1034, November 1987, . [RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, DOI 10.17487/RFC1035, November 1987, . [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC8484] Hoffman, P. and P. McManus, "DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH)", RFC 8484, DOI 10.17487/RFC8484, October 2018, . [RFC8499] Hoffman, P., Sullivan, A., and K. Fujiwara, "DNS Terminology", BCP 219, RFC 8499, DOI 10.17487/RFC8499, January 2019, . [RFC8914] Kumari, W., Hunt, E., Arends, R., Hardaker, W., and D. Lawrence, "Extended DNS Errors", RFC 8914, DOI 10.17487/RFC8914, October 2020, . 8.2. Informative References [DNSFirewall] ISC, "Response Policy Zones (RPZ)", n.d., . [ISPRedirect] Weber, J. L. R., "DNS Redirect Use by Service Providers", n.d., . [LegalRedirect] York, D., "Oups! French Government Mistakenly Blocks Telegram Access for Millions", n.d., Pan Expires 13 July 2024 [Page 5] Internet-Draft EFAS January 2024 . [NXDamageControl] Vixie, P., "What DNS Is Not", n.d., . [NXDNSLies] Huston, G., "NXDOMAIN?", n.d., . [NXRedierct] ISC, "NXDOMAIN Redirection Using DLZ in BIND 9.10 and later", n.d., . Author's Address Lanlan Pan Guangdong China Email: abbypan@gmail.com Pan Expires 13 July 2024 [Page 6]