Network Working Group L. Dunbar Internet-Draft Futurewei Intended status: Standards Track K. Majumdar Expires: 6 December 2024 Microsoft Azure S. Hares Hickory Hill Consulting R. Raszuk Arrcus V. Kasiviswanathan Arista 4 June 2024 BGP UPDATE for SD-WAN Edge Discovery draft-ietf-idr-sdwan-edge-discovery-13 Abstract The document describes the encoding of BGP UPDATE messages for the SD-WAN edge node property discovery. In the context of this document, BGP Route Reflector (RR) is the component of the SD-WAN Controller that receives the BGP UPDATE from SD-WAN edges and in turns propagates the information to the intended peers that are authorized to communicate via the SD-WAN overlay network. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 1] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 This Internet-Draft will expire on 6 December 2024. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Framework of SD-WAN Edge Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1. The Objectives of SD-WAN Edge Discovery . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Comparing with Pure IPsec VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Client Routes and SDWAN UPDATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3.1. Client Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3.2. SD-WAN Underlay UPDATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.4. Edge Node Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4. Constrained propagation of BGP UPDATE . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.1. SD-WAN Segmentation, Virtual Topology and Client VPN . . 11 4.2. Constrained Propagation of Edge Capability . . . . . . . 12 5. Client Route UPDATE Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.1. Tunnel Form 1: Encapsulation Extended Community (Encaps-EC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.2. Tunnel Form 2: Tunnel Encapsulation Path Attribute (TEA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.3. Multiple tunnels attached to One Route . . . . . . . . . 14 5.4. SD-WAN VPN ID in Client Route Update . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.5. SD-WAN VPN ID in Data Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6. SD-WAN Underlay UPDATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.1. NLRI for SD-WAN Underlay Tunnel Update . . . . . . . . . 15 6.2. SD-WAN-Hybrid Tunnel Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7. Extended Port Attribute Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7.1. Extended SubSub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7.1.1. Underlay Network Transport SubSub-TLV . . . . . . . . 21 8. IPsec SA Property Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.1. IPsec-SA-ID Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 8.2. IPsec SA Rekey Counter Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 8.3. IPsec Public Key Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 2] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 8.4. IPsec SA Proposal Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.5. Simplified IPsec SA sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 9. Error handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 9.1. Error handling for the Tunnel Encapsulation Signaling . . 29 9.2. Error Handling for NLRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 10. Manageability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 10.1. Detecting Misaligned Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 10.2. IPsec Attributes Mismatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 10.2.1. SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel Mechanisms for Passing IPSec Security Association Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 10.2.2. Example creation of IPsec Security Association over SD-WAN Hybrid tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 12.1. Hybrid (SD-WAN) Overlay SAFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 12.2. Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Type . . . . . . . . . . 35 12.3. Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Sub-TLV Types . . . . . . 35 13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Appendix A. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 1. Introduction BGP [RFC4271] can be used as a control plane for a SD-WAN network. SD-WAN network refers to a policy-driven network over multiple heterogeneous underlay networks to get better WAN bandwidth management, visibility, and control. The document describes BGP UPDATE messages for an SD-WAN edge node to advertise its properties to its RR which then propagates that information to the authorized peers. 2. Conventions used in this document The following acronyms and terms are used in this document: Cloud DC: Off-Premises Data Centers that usually host applications and workload owned by different organizations or tenants. Color-EC: Color Extended Community defined in [RFC9012]. Controller: Used interchangeably with SD-WAN controller to manage SD-WAN overlay path creation/deletion and monitor the path conditions between sites. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 3] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 CPE: Customer (Edge) Premises Equipment CPE-Based VPN: Virtual Private Secure network formed among CPEs. This is to differentiate such VPNs from most commonly used PE- based VPNs discussed in [RFC4364]. Encaps-EC: Encapsulation Extended Community defined in [RFC9012]. MP-NLRI: Multi-Protocol Network Layer Reachability Information [MP_REACH_NLRI] Path Attribute defined in [RFC4760]. RR: Route Reflector SD-WAN: An overlay connectivity service that optimizes transport of IP Packets over one or more Underlay Connectivity Services by recognizing applications (Application Flows) and determining forwarding behavior by applying Policies to them. [MEF-70.1] SD-WAN Endpoint: can be the SD-WAN edge node address, a WAN port address (logical or physical) of a SD-WAN edge node, or a client port address. SD-WAN Hybrid tunnel: A single logical tunnel that combines several links of different encapsulation iinto a single tunnel. RT-EC: Route Target Extended Community [RFC4360] TEA: Tunnel Encapsulation Path Attribute [RFC9012] VPN: Virtual Private Network VRF: VPN Routing and Forwarding instance WAN: Wide Area Network The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 3. Framework of SD-WAN Edge Discovery Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 4] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 3.1. The Objectives of SD-WAN Edge Discovery The objectives of SD-WAN edge discovery for an SD-WAN edge node are to discover its authorized BGP peers and each peer's associated properities in order to establish secure overlay tunnels [Net2Cloud]. The attributes to be propagated include: * the SD-WAN (client) VPNs information, * the attached routes under the SD-WAN VPNs, and * the properties of the underlay networks over which the client routes can be carried. Some SD-WAN peers are connected by both trusted VPNs and untrusted public networks. Some SD-WAN peers are connected only by untrusted public networks. For the traffic over untrusted networks, IPsec Security Associations (IPsec SA) must be established and maintained. For the trusted VPNs, IPsec Security associations may not be set-up. If an edge node has network ports behind a NAT, the NAT properties need to be discovered by the authorized SD-WAN peers. Like any VPN networks, the attached client routes belonging to specific SD-WAN VPNs can only be exchanged with the SD-WAN peer nodes authorized to communicate. 3.2. Comparing with Pure IPsec VPN A pure IPsec VPN has IPsec tunnels connecting all edge nodes over public networks. Therefore, it requires stringent authentication and authorization (i.e., IKE Phase 1) before other properties of IPsec SA can be exchanged. The IPsec Security Association (SA) between two untrusted nodes typically requires the following configurations and message exchanges: IPsec IKEV2: messages sent to authenticate with each other. Establish IPsec SA : requires the following set-up - Local key configuration, - Setting the Remote Peer address, - Information from IKEv2 Proposal directly sent to peer (Encryption method, Integrity sha512, etc.), and - Transform set. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 5] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 Attached client prefixes discovery acchieved by: - Running routing protocol within each IPsec SA. - If multiple IPsec SAs between two peer nodes are established to achieve load sharing, each IPsec tunnel needs to run its own routing protocol to exchange client routes attached to the edges. Set-up Access List or Traffic Selector: such as Permit Local-IP1, Remote-IP2, and other parameters. In a BGP-controlled SD-WAN network over hybrid MPLS VPN and public internet underlay networks, all edge nodes and RRs are already connected by private secure paths. The RRs have the policies to manage the authentication of all peer nodes. More importantly, when an edge node needs to establish multiple IPsec tunnels to many edge nodes, all the management information can be multiplexed into the secure management tunnel between RR and the edge node operating as a BGP peer. Therefore, the amount of authentication in a BGP- Controlled SD-WAN network can be significantly reduced. Client VPNs are configured via VRFs, just like the configuration of the existing MPLS VPN. The IPsec equivalent traffic selectors for local and remote routes are achieved by importing/exporting VPN Route Targets. The binding of client routes to IPsec SA is dictated by policies. As a result, the IPsec configuration for a BGP controlled SD-WAN (with mixed MPLS VPN) can be simplified in the following manner: * The SD-WAN controller has the authority to authenticate edges and peers so the Remote Peer association is controlled by the SD-WAN Controller (RR). * The IKEv2 proposals (including the IPsec Transform set) can be sent directly to peers, or incorporated in a BGP UPDATE. * The BGP UPDATE announces the client route reachability through the SDWAN hybrid tunnels. A SDWAN hybrid tunnnel combines several other tunnels into a single logical tunnel. The SD-WAN Hybrid tunnel implementations insure that all tunnels within are either running over secure network links or secured by IPsec. * Importing/exporting Route Targets under each client VPN (VRF) achieves the traffic selection (or permission) among clients' routes attached to multiple edge nodes. Note that with this method there is no need to run multiple routing protocols in each IPsec tunnel. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 6] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 3.3. Client Routes and SDWAN UPDATE There are two different sequences of BGP UPDATE messages are used for SD-WAN Edge Discovery. The first associates Client routes BGP Updates with the SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel. The second passes information regarding the SD-WAN Underlay between Egress routers and Ingress routers. 3.3.1. Client Routes This section describes how client routes in BGP Updates are associated with the SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel. Client routes BGP UPDATE: This BGP UPDATE message contains the client routes (NLRI), Next Hop, and the attributes which identify the Hybrid SD-WAN tunnel toward the Next Hop. The SD-WAN-Hybrid Tunnel BGP attributes are either passed as either: * Encapsulation Extended Community [Encap-EC] which identifies the SD-WAN-hybrid tunnel with a Tunnel Egress End Point as NextHop in BGP Update [per RFC9012], * Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute (TEA) which identifies the SD-WAN-Hybrid tunnel and uses the Tunnel Egress Endpoint SubTLV to identify the egress endpoint (see [RFC9012] section 3.1) Ordering: If both the TEA and the Extended Community for tunnel information exists, the Extended Community is preferred (i.e. takes precedence.) Sample Topology: For a Hybrid SD-WAN Tunnel Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 7] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 Site 15.0.0.2 +---+ +--------------|RR |----------+ / Untrusted +-+-+ \ / \ / \ +---------+ MPLS Path +-------+ 11.1.1.x| C-PE1 A1-------------------------------B1 C-PE2 |10.1.1.x | | | | 21.1.1.x| A2(192.10.0.10)------( 192.0.0.1)B2 |20.1.1.x | | | | | Addr A3(160.0.0.1) --------(170.0.0.1)B3 Addr | | 1.1.1.1 | |2.2.2.2| +---------+ +-------+ Figure 1: Hybrid SD-WAN Example Client Routes: In figure 1, four overlay paths between C-PE1 and C-PE2 are established for illustration purpose. More overlay paths are possible. One physical port on C-PE2 can terminate multiple overlay paths from different ports on C-PE1. a) MPLS-in-GRE path; b) node-based IPsec tunnel [2.2.2.2 - 1.1.1.1]. As C-PE2 has two public internet facing WAN ports, either of those two WAN port IP addresses can be the outer destination address of the IPsec encapsulated data packets; c) port-based IPsec tunnel [192.0.0.1 - 192.10.0.10]; and d) port-based IPsec tunnel [172.0.0.1 - 160.0.0.1]. C-PE2 advertises the attached client routes in one of two forms below: Client Route UPDATE - [RFC9012] "Barebones" (option 1) NLRIs: AFI=IPv4 (1) and SAFI = VPN (128) Prefix: 10.1.1.x; 20.1.1.x NextHop: 2.2.2.2 (C-PE2) Attributes: Extended community RT: (RT-EC) for SD-WAN VPN 1 Encapsulation Extended Community (Encaps-EC) tunnel-type=SD-WAN-Hybrid Figure 2: Client Routes Update Message Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 8] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 Client Route UPDATE [RFC9012] Tunnel Encaps Attribute (TEA) (option 2) NLRIs: AFI=IPv4 (1) and SAFI = VPN (128) Prefix: 10.1.1.x; 20.1.1.x NextHop: 2.2.2.2 (C-PE2) Attributes: Extended community RT: (RT-EC) for SD-WAN VPN 1 Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute (TEA) Tunnel Egress Endpoint SubTLV: 2.2.2.2 (C-PE2) Figure 3: Client Routes Update Message 3.3.2. SD-WAN Underlay UPDATE Edges nodes use this BGP UPDATE to advertise the properties of directly attached underlay networks and IPsec SA attributes associated with an SD-WAN-Hybrid tunnel. The properties of underlay networks include encapsulation, NAT and underlay physical properties. The IPsec SA attributes passed include keys, nonce, and encryption algorithms, and other IP SEC attributes. The security attributes are likely to change more rapidly than the physical attributes of links within the Hybrid SD-Wan Tunnel. Typically the attributes of the links are passed during initial set- up of Hybrid SD-WAN tunnels in the network. Given the topology in figure 1, C-PE2 can send the SD-WAN NLRI in a BGP Update messages to advertise the properties of Internet facing ports 192.0.0.1 and 170.0.0.1, and their associated IPsec SA related parameters. Example 1 below provides sample BGP Updates per port. This type of UPDATE packing provides poor packing of UPDATES, but it may occur. Example 2 provides a single BGP Update which passes the initial information in one update. In the update, Color-EC is Color Extended Community [RFC4360]. 3.3.2.1. Example #1 SD-WAN Underlay Update Messages Used in Set-Up Example #1 - BGP Updates per Port Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 9] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 # Update #1 for Port B2 on C-PE2 SD-WAN NLRI (AFI=1/SAFI=SD-WAN) Port-id = Local port ID for WAN Port 192.0.0.1 SD-WAN Color = Match to Color-EC of Client routes SD-WAN Node ID = 2.2.2.2 (C-PE2) Tunnel Encaps Attribute (TEA) Tunnel TLV: (type: Hybrid-SD-WAN) Tunnel Egress Endpoint SubTLV: 2.2.2.2 Extended-Port Attribute SubTLV: Port B2 (192.0.0.1) IPsec SA Identifier SubTLV: SA-1, SA-2 # Update #2 for Port B3 (IPsec) in Hybrid tunnel on PE2 SD-WAN NLRI (AFI=1/SAFI=SD-WAN) Port-id = Local port ID for WAN Port 170.0.0.1 SD-WAN Color = Match to Color-EC of Client Routes SD-WAN Node ID = 2.2.2.2 (C-PE2) Tunnel Encaps Attribute (TEA) Tunnel TLV: (type: SD-Wan-Hybrid) Tunnel Egress Endpoint SubTLV (SubTLV=6) = 2.2.2.2 Extended Port Attribute SubTLV: Port B3 (170.0.0.1) Simplified IPSec SD-WAN SubTLV: SA-3, SA-4 See section 7.1 for Extended Port Attribute SubTLV definition. See section 8.1 for IPsec SA Identifier SubTLV. See section 8.5 for Simplified IPsec SD-WAN SubTlv. Figure 4: SDWAN NLRI Update per Port 3.3.2.2. Example #2 IPsec terminated at Node with Hybrid Tunnel Example #2 - IP Sec Terminated at Node C-PE2 # Ports B1 (MPLS), B2 (IPsec), B3 (IPsec) # Update for C-PE2 (IPSec) SD-WAN NLRI (AFI=1 / SAFI = SD-WAN) SD-WAN Color = Match to Color-EC of Client routes Port ID = 0 SD-WAN Node ID = 2.2.2.2 Tunnel Encaps Attribute (TEA) Tunnel TLV (type: SD-Wan-Hybrid) Egress Endpoint = 2.2.2.2 IPsec-SA-ID: SA-1, SA-2, SA-3, SA-4 Figure 5: SDWAN NLRI Update 3 ports Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 10] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 3.4. Edge Node Discovery The basic scheme of SD-WAN edge node discovery using BGP consists of the following: * Secure connection to a SD-WAN controller (BGP RR in this context): - For an SD-WAN edge with both MPLS and IPsec paths, the edge node should already have a secure connection to its controller (RR in this context). For an SD-WAN edge that is only accessible via Internet, the SD-WAN edge upon power-up establishes a secure tunnel (such as TLS or SSL) with the SD- WAN central controller whose address is preconfigured on the edge node. The central controller informs the edge node of its local RR. The edge node then establishes a transport layer secure session with the RR (such as TLS or SSL). * The BGP Peer Edge node will advertise the properties of its Hybrid SD-WAN Tunnel to its designated RR via the secure connection. * The RR propagates the received information to the authorized BGP peers. * The authorized BGP peers can establish the secure data channels via Hybrid SD-WAN tunnel and exchange more information among each other. For an SD-WAN deployment with multiple RRs, it is assumed that there are secure connections among those RRs. How secure connections are established among those RRs is out of the scope of this document. The existing BGP UPDATE propagation mechanisms control the edge properties propagation among the RRs. For some environments where the communication to RR is highly secured, [RFC9016] IKE-less can be deployed to simplify IPsec SA establishment among edge nodes. 4. Constrained propagation of BGP UPDATE 4.1. SD-WAN Segmentation, Virtual Topology and Client VPN In SD-WAN deployment, SD-WAN Segmentation is a frequently used term which refers to partitioning a network into multiple subnetworks, just like MPLS VPNs. SD-WAN Segmentation is achieved by creating SD- WAN virtual topologies and SD-WAN VPNs. An SD-WAN virtual topology consists of a set of edge nodes and the tunnels (a.k.a. underlay paths) interconnecting those edge nodes. These tunnels forming the underlay paths can be IPsec tunnels, or MPLS VPN tunnels, or other Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 11] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 tunnels. An SD-WAN VPN is configured in the same way as the VRFs of an MPLS VPN. One SD-WAN client VPN can be mapped to multiple SD-WAN virtual topologies. SD-WAN Controller governs the policies of mapping a client VPN to SD-WAN virtual topologies. Each SD-WAN edge node may need to support multiple VPNs. Route Target is used to differentiate the SD-WAN VPNs. For example, in the picture below, the Payment-Flow on C-PE2 is only mapped to the virtual topology of C-PEs to/from Payment Gateway, whereas other flows can be mapped to a multipoint-to-multipoint virtual topology. +---+ +--------------|RR |----------+ / Untrusted +-+-+ \ / \ / \ +---------+ MPLS Path +-------+ 11.1.1.x| C-PE1 A1-------------------------------B1 C-PE2 |10.1.1.x | | | | 21.1.1.x| A2(192.10.0.10)------( 192.0.0.1)B2 |20.1.1.x | | | | | Addr A3(160.0.0.1) --------(170.0.0.1)B3 Addr |11.2.2.x | 1.1.1.1 | / |2.2.2.2| +---------+ / +-------+ \ / \ /PaymentFlow \ / \ +----+----+ +---------------| payment | | Gateway | +---------+ Figure 6: SD-WAN Virtual Topology and VPN 4.2. Constrained Propagation of Edge Capability BGP Route Reflectors [RFC4456] may be configured to constrain the distribution of BGP informtion to specific BGP clients. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 12] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 NLRI={SD-WAN#1, SD-WAN#2} NLRI={SD-WAN#1, SD-WAN#3} -----> +---+ <----------- +--------------------|RR1|------------------+ | Outbound Filter +---+ Outbound Filter | | Permit SD-WAN#1,#2 Permit SD-WAN#1,#3| | <------- ---------> | | | +-----+---+ MPLS Path +-----+-+ 11.1.1.x| C-PE1 A1-------------------------------B1 C-PE2 |10.1.1.x | | | | 21.1.1.x| A2(192.10.0.10)------( 192.0.0.1)B2 |20.1.1.x | | | | | Addr A3(160.0.0.1) --------(170.0.0.1)B3 Addr | | 1.1.1.1 | |2.2.2.2| +---------+ +-------+ SD-WAN VPN #1 SD-WAN VPN #1 SD-WAN VPN #2 SD-WAN VPN #3 Figure 7: Constraint propagation of Edge Property The RR is configured to speak to the BGP clients (CE-PE1 and CE-PE2) over secure virtual links (IPsec), and send only certain routes. The configuration on the RR and the BGP Peers sending SD-WAN routes forms a "walled garden" for the SD-WAN information. It is out of the scope of this document on how RR is configured with the policies to filter out unauthorized nodes for specific SD-WAN VPNs. 5. Client Route UPDATE Procedures The Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute for the SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel Type may be associated with BGP UPDATE messages with NLRI with AFI/SAFI IPv4 Unicast (1/1), IPv4 with MPLS labels (1/4), IPVPN-IPv4 Label Unicast (1/128), IPv6 Unicast (2/1), IPv6 with MPLS labels (2/4), VPN-IPv6 Label Unicast (2/128), and EVPN (25/70). When associated with any NLRI in this set, these routes are described as "Client Routes" in this document. Based on [RFC9012], there are two forms a Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute (TEA) can take: "Barebones" using the Encapsulation Extended Community (Encaps-EC) and a normal Tunnel Encapsulation form. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 13] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 5.1. Tunnel Form 1: Encapsulation Extended Community (Encaps-EC) The SD-WAN Client Route UPDATE message uses the Encapsulation Extended Community (Encap-EC) to identify the Hybrid SD-WAN tunnel and the Tunnel Egress Endpoint. Per [RFC9012], the Encapsulation Extended Community uses the NextHop Field in the BGP UPDATE as the Tunnel Egress EndPoint. The validation for the Tunnel Egress Endpoint uses the validation in section 6, 8, and 13 applied to the NextHop. A Color Extended Community (Color-EC) or local policy applied to the client route directs the traffic for the client route to across appropriate interface within the Hybrid SD-WAN Tunnel to the Tunnel Egress Endpoint. 5.2. Tunnel Form 2: Tunnel Encapsulation Path Attribute (TEA) The Client route with the Tunnel Encapsulation Path Attribute (TEA) with the Hybrid SD-WAN route TLV must have the Tunnel Egress Endpoint (SubTLV=6) and any of the SubTLVs found in [RFC9012]. The validation for the Tunnel Egress Endpoint uses the validation in section 6, 8, and 13 from [RFC9012]. 5.3. Multiple tunnels attached to One Route A single SD-WAN client route may be attached to multiple SD-WAN Hybrid tunnels. An Update with an SD-WAN client route may express these tunnels as an Encap-EC or a TEA. Each of these tunnel descriptions is treated as a unique Hybrid SD-WAN tunnel with a unique Egress Endpoint. Local Policy on the BGP Peer determines which tunnel the client data traffic will use. 5.4. SD-WAN VPN ID in Client Route Update An SD-WAN VPN ID is same as a client VPN in a BGP controlled SD-WAN network. The Route Target Extended Community should be included in a Client Route UPDATE message to differentiate the client routes from routes belonging to other VPNs. Route Target value is taken as the VPN ID (for 1/1 and 2/1). For 1/128 and 2/128, the RD from the NLRI identifies the VPN ID. For EVPN, picking up the VPN-ID from EVPN SAFI. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 14] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 5.5. SD-WAN VPN ID in Data Plane SD-WAN edge node which can be reached by either an MPLS path or an IPsec path within the hybrid SD-WAN tunnel. If client packets are sent via a secure MPLS network within the Hybrid SD-WAN tunnel, then the data packets will have MPLS headers with the MPLS Labels based on the scheme specified by [RFC8277]. It is assumed the secure MPLS network assures the security outer MPLS Label header. If the packets are sent via a link with IPsec outer encryption across a public network, the payload is still encrypted with GRE or VXLAN encryption. For GRE Encapsulation within an IPsec tunnel, the GRE key field can be used to carry the SD-WAN VPN ID. For network virtual overlay (VxLAN, GENEVE, etc.) encapsulation within the IPsec tunnel, the Virtual Network Identifier (VNI) field is used to carry the SD-WAN VPN ID. 6. SD-WAN Underlay UPDATE The hybrid SD-WAN underlay tunnel UPDATE is to advertise the detailed properties associated with the public facing WAN ports and IPsec tunnels. The Edge BGP Peer will advertise the SD-WAN properties to its designated RR via the secure connection. The BGP Update message will contain the SD-WAN Underlay NLRI and a Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute (TEA) with SubTLVs for Extended Port attribute (see section 7) or IP Sec information (see section 8). The IPsec information subTLVs include: IPsec-SA-ID, IPsec SA Nonce, IPsec Public Key, IPsec SA Proposal, and Simplified IPsec SA. IP 6.1. NLRI for SD-WAN Underlay Tunnel Update A new NLRI SAFI (SD-WAN SAFI=74) is introduced within the MP_REACH_NLRI Path Attribute of [RFC4760] for advertising the detailed properties of the SD-WAN tunnels terminated at the edge node: +------------------+ | Route Type | 2 octet +------------------+ | Length | 2 Octet +------------------+ | Type Specific | ~ Value (Variable) ~ | | +------------------+ Figure 8: SD-WAN NLRI Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 15] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 Where Route (NLRI) Type: 2 octet value to define the encoding of the rest of the SD-WAN the NLRI. Length: 2 octets of length expressed in bits as defined in [RFC4760]. This document defines the following SD-WAN Route type: NLRI Route-Type = 1: For advertising the detailed properties of the SD-WAN tunnels terminated at the edge, where the transport network port can be uniquely identified by a tuple of three values (Port- Local-ID, SD-WAN-Color, SD-WAN-Node-ID). The SD-WAN NLRI Route- Type =1 has the following encoding: +------------------+ | Route Type = 1 | 2 octet +------------------+ | Length | 2 Octet +------------------+ | Port-Local-ID | 4 octets +------------------+ | SD-WAN-Color | 4 octets +------------------+ | SD-WAN-Node-ID | 4 or 16 octets +------------------+ Figure 9: SD-WAN NLRI Route Type 1 Port-local-ID: SD-WAN edge node Port identifier, which is locally significant. If the SD-WAN NLRI applies to multiple WAN ports, this field is zero. SD-WAN-Color: represents a group of tunnels, which correlate with the Color-Extended-community included in the client routes UPDATE. When a client route can be reached by multiple SD-WAN edges co- located at one site, the SD-WAN-Color can represent a group of tunnels terminated at those SD-WAN edges co-located at the site. If an SD-WAN-Color represents all the tunnels at a site, then the SD-WAN-Color effectively represents the site. SD-WAN Node ID: The node's IPv4 or IPv6 address. Route Type values outside of 1 are out of scope for this document. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 16] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 6.2. SD-WAN-Hybrid Tunnel Encoding A new BGP Tunnel-Type SD-WAN-Hybrid (code point 25) indicates hybrid underlay tunnels. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Tunnel-Type=25(SD-WAN-Hybrid )| Length (2 Octets) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Sub-TLVs | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 10: SD-WAN Hybrid Value Field The valid SubTLVs for the Hybrid Tunnel type include subTLVs specified in [RFC9012] and the following SubTLVs specified in this document: * Extended Port Attributes SubTLV * IPsec SA-ID SubTLV * IPSec SA Rekey SubTLV * IPsec Public Key SubTLV * IPsec SA Proposal SubTLV * Simplified IPsec SA SubTLV The Extended Port Attributes are described in section 7, and the IPsec related SubTLVs are described in section 8. 7. Extended Port Attribute Sub-TLV The SD-WAN Underlay NLRI is sent with a Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute with the Extended Port Attribute Sub-TLV advertises the properties associated with a public Internet-facing WAN port that might be behind NAT. An SD-WAN edge node can query a STUN Server (Session Traversal of UDP through Network address translation [RFC8489]) to get the NAT properties, including the public IP address and the Public Port number, to pass to its peers. The location of a NAT device can be: Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 17] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 * Only the initiator is behind a NAT device. Multiple initiators can be behind separate NAT devices. Initiators can also connect to the responder through multiple NAT devices. * Only the responder is behind a NAT device. * Both the initiator and the responder are behind a NAT device. The initiator's address and/or responder's address can be dynamically assigned by an ISP or when their connection crosses a dynamic NAT device that allocates addresses from a dynamic address pool. As one SD-WAN edge can connect to multiple peers, the pair-wise NAT exchange as IPsec's IKE[RFC7296] is not efficient. In the BGP Controlled SD-WAN, NAT properties for a WAN port are encoded in the Extended Port Attribute sub-TLV, which the following format: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=65(extPort| ExtPort Length| Reserved |I|O|R|R|R|R|R|R| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NAT Type | Encap-Type |Trans networkID| RD ID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Local IP Address | 32-bits for IPv4, 128-bits for Ipv6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Local Port | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Public IP | 32-bits for IPv4, 128-bits for Ipv6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Public Port | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Extended SubSub-TLV | ~ ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 11: Extended Port Attribute Sub-TLV Where: * Extended Port Attribute Type (=65): indicating it is the Extended Port Attribute SubTLV * ExtPort Length: the length of the subTLV in octets (variable). Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 18] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 * Flags: - I bit (CPE port address or Inner address scheme): o If set to 0, indicate the inner (private) address is IPv4. o If set to 1, indicates the inner address is IPv6. - O bit (Outer address scheme): o If set to 0, indicate the inner (private) address is IPv4. o If set to 1, indicates the inner address is IPv6. - R bits: reserved for future use. Must be set to 0, and ignored upon reception. * NAT Type: the NAT type can be one of the following values: - 1: without NAT ; - 2: 1-to-1 static NAT; - 3: Full Cone; - 4: Restricted Cone; - 5: Port Restricted Cone; - 6: Symmetric; or - 7: Unknown (i.e. no response from the STUN server). NAT type values outside of 1-7 are invalid for this SubTLV. * Encap-Type: the supported encapsulation types for the port. - Encap-Type=1: GRE; - Encap-Type=2: VxLAN; Notes: - The Encap-Type inside the Extended Port Attribute Sub-TLV is different from the RFC9012's BGP-Tunnel-Encapsulation type. The port can indicate the specific encapsulations, such as: Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 19] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 o If the IPsec-SA-ID subTLV or the IPsec SA detailed subTLVs (Nonce/publicKey/Proposal) are included in the SD-WAN-Hybrid tunnel, the Encap-Type indicates the encapsulation type within the IPsec payload. o If the IPsec SA subTLVs are not included in the SD-WAN- Hybrid Tunnel, the Encap-Type indicates the encapsulation of the payload without IPsec encryption. - Encapsulation types outside of GRE and VxLAN are outside of the scope of this specification. * Transport Network ID: Central Controller assigns a global unique ID to each transport network. Any value in this octet is valid * RD ID: Routing Domain ID, need to be globally unique. Any value in this octet is valid. - Some SD-WAN deployment might have multiple levels, zones, or regions that are represented as logical domains. Policies can govern if tunnels can be established across domains. For example, a hub node can establish tunnels with different logical domains but the spoke nodes cannot establish tunnels with nodes in different domains. * Local IP: The local (or private) IP address of the WAN port. * Local Port: used by Remote SD-WAN edge node for establishing IPsec to this specific port. * Public IP: The IP address after the NAT. If NAT is not used, this field is set to all-zeros * Public Port: The Port after the NAT. If NAT is not used, this field is set to all-zeros. * Extended SubSub-TLV: for carrying additional information about the underlay networks. 7.1. Extended SubSub-TLV One Extended SubSub-TLVs is specified in this document: Underlay Network Transport SubSub-TLV Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 20] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 7.1.1. Underlay Network Transport SubSub-TLV The Underlay Network Transport SubSub-TLV is an optional Sub-TLV to carry the WAN port connection types and bandwidth, such as LTE, DSL, Ethernet, etc. The format of this Sub-TLV is as follows: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | UnderlayType | Length | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Connection Type| Port Type | Port Speed | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 12: Underlay Network SubSub-TLV Where: Underlay Network Properties: sub Type=66 Length: always 6 bytes Reserved: 2 octet of reserved bits. It SHOULD be set to zero on transmission and MUST be ignored on receipt. Connection Type: are listed below as: * 1 = Wired * 2 = WIFI * 3 = LTE * 4 = 5G * Any value outside of 1-4 is outside the scope of this specification. Port Type: Port type define as follows: * 1 = Ethernet * 2 = Fiber Cable * 3 = Coax Cable Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 21] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 * 4 = Cellular * Any value outside of values 1-4 are outside the scope of this specification. Port Speed: The port seed is defined as 2 octet value. The values are defined as Gigabit speed. For example, a value of 1 would mean 1 gigabit. The port speed of "0" is not valid. The connection types of equipment and port types will continue to grow with technology change. Future specifications may specify additional connection types or port types. 8. IPsec SA Property Sub-TLVs This section describes the SubTLVs that pass data regarding IPsec parameters for the Hybrid SD-WAN tunnel. During set-up of the Hybrid SD-WAN tunnels, the IPsec parameters need to be securely passed to set-up secure association. For hybrid SD-WAN tunnels, the IPsec security association for IPsec links may change to different security associations over time. The IPSec subTLVs supported by the Hybrid Tunnel type are: IPSec-SA- ID, IPsec SA Nounce, IPsec Public Key, IPsec Proposal, and Simplified IPSec SA. The IPSec-SA-ID SubTLV provides a way to indicate the IPsec SA Identifiers (section 8.1) for pre-configured security association. The other four SubTLVs provide different ways to pass details regarding IPsec security associations. The IPsec SA Nounce passes Nounce and rekey counters for a Secure Association identified by IPsec SA Identifier (see section 8.2). The IPSec Public Key SubTLV passes IPsec Public Key data with a time duration (see section 8.3). The IPsec Proposal SubTLV provides Transform attributes and Transform IDs (see section 8.4). The Simplified IP SEC SA passes the information that identifies configuration for 2 keys (see section 8.5). For a quick rotation between security associations, the SDWAN NLRI (port-id, color, node) can quickly distribute a switch to a set of new security association using the BGP Update message. In this case, the BGP UPDATE message would like figure 10 Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 22] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 SDWAN NLRI Route-type: 1 length: 12 port-id - 0.0.0.0 SD-WAN-Color - 0.0.0.1 node-id - 2.2.2.2 TEA: Tunnel TLV: (type: SD-WAN Hybrid) Tunnel Egress Endpoint SubTLV: 2.2.2.2 IPsec-SA-ID SubTLV: 20, 30 Figure 13: SD-WAN NLRI IPsec rotation in attack 8.1. IPsec-SA-ID Sub-TLV IPsec-SA-ID Sub-TLV within the Hybrid Underlay Tunnel UPDATE indicates one or more pre-established IPsec SAs by using their identifiers, instead of listing all the detailed attributes of the IPsec SAs. Using an IPsec-SA-ID Sub-TLV not only greatly reduces the size of BGP UPDATE messages, but also allows the pairwise IPsec rekeying process to be performed independently. The following is the structure of the IPsec-SA-ID sub-TLV 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type=64 (IPsec-SA-ID subTLV) | Length (2 Octets) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | IPsec SA Identifier #1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | IPsec SA Identifier #2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | IPsec SA Identifier #n | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 14: IPsec-SA-ID Sub-TLV where: length is the length of the subTLV in octets (must be on 4 octet boundary) Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 23] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 The length is followed by a sequence of IPsec SA Identifiers of length 4 octets. - IPSec SA Identifier #1 - is a 4 octet identifier for a IP Security association. - IPSec SA Identifier #2 - is a 4 octet identifier for a IP Security association. - IPSec SA Identifier #n - is a 4 octet identifier for a IP Security association. 8.2. IPsec SA Rekey Counter Sub-TLV The IPsec SA Rekey Counter Sub-TLv provides the rekey counter for a security association (identified by IPsec SA Identifier). The format of this Sub-TLV is as follows: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | ID Length | Nonce Length |I| Flags | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Rekey | | Counter | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | IPsec SA Identifier | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | | ~ Nonce Data ~ | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 15: IPsec SA Rekey Counter Sub-TLV where: ID Length - is a 1 octet value indicating the length of SA- Identifer length. This length should be 4 octets. Nonce length - is a 2 octet value indicate the length in octets of the Nonce Data. Flags: - is 1 octet field with the following form [I-R-R-R-R-R-R] Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 24] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 - I - indicates status of initial contact (1 = initial, 0 = follow-on) in the left most bit. - R - Reserved bits - which are ignored upon reception and set to zero upon transmission. IPsec SA Identifier (IPSec-SA-ID) - identifies a specific IPsec SAs terminated at the edge. The length is 4 octets. Nonce Data - a random or pseudo-random number for preventing replay attacks. Its length is a multiple of 32 bits[RFC7296]. Note: * The IPsec-SA-ID may also refer to the values carried in the same TEA in the same Tunnel TLV (type SD-WAN Hybrid) as the IPsec SA Rekey SubTLV in either the IPsec Public Key SubTLV or the IPsec SA Proposal SubTLV. The IPsec SA Rekey Counter, IPsec Public Key, and IPsec SA Proposal SubTLVs work together to create security associations. * The IPsec-SA-ID may refer to information in another Tunnel TLV in the same TEA associated wiht the same BGP UPDATE message as the IPsec SA Rekey Counter sub-TLV. * The IPsec-SA-ID can be used in the IPsec-SA-ID subTLV of a different BGP UPDATE message. 8.3. IPsec Public Key Sub-TLV The format of this Sub-TLV is as follows: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Diffie-Hellman Group Num | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ Key Exchange Data ~ | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ | Duration | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 16: IPsec SA Public Key Sub-TLV where: Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 25] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 Diffie-Hellman Group Num - is 2 octets long. It identifies the Diffie-Hellman group in the Key Exchange Data was computed. Diffie-Hellman group numbers are discussed in IKEv2 [RFC7296] Appendix B and [RFC5114]. The Key Exchange data - is constructed by copying one's Diffie- Hellman public value into the "Key Exchange Data" portion of the payload. The length of the Diffie-Hellman public value is described for MOPD groups in [RFC7296] and for ECP groups in [RFC5903]. Duration - is a 4-octet value specifying the life span of the Diffie-Hellman key usage. The units of the life span depends on the Diffie-Hellman group. 8.4. IPsec SA Proposal Sub-TLV The IPsec SA Proposal Sub-TLV is to indicate the number of Transform Sub-TLVs. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Transform Attr Length |Transform Type | Reserved. | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Transform ID | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ Transform Attributes ~ | | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 17: IPsec SA Proposal Sub-TLV where: Transform Attr Length is a 2 octet field indicating the length of the Transform Attributes field. Transform Type is a 1 octet field. The Transform Type values are taken from is from Section 3.3.2 of [RFC7296] and [IKEV2IANA]. Only the values ENCR, INTEG, and ESN are allowed. Reserved - is a 1 octet field reserved for future use. The Reserved os ignored upon receipt and set to zero upon transmission. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 26] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 Transform ID - is a 2 octet identifer for the transform described by the transform attributes. Transform Attributes Sub-SubTLV are taken from the section 3.3.5 of RFC7296. 8.5. Simplified IPsec SA sub-TLV For a simple SD-WAN network with edge nodes supporting only a few pre-defined encryption algorithms, a simple IPsec sub-TLV can be used to encode the pre-defined algorithms, as below: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |IPsec-simType |IPsecSA Length | Flag | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Transform | Mode | AH algorithms |ESP algorithms | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | ReKey Counter (SPI) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | key1 length | Key 1 ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | key2 length | Key 2 ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | nonce length | Nonce ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Duration | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 18: Siplified IPsec SA Sub-TLV Where: IPsec-SimType=70: indicate the simplified IPsec SA attributes. IPsec-SA subTLV Length (2 Byte): variable (25 or longer). Flags: 1 octet of flags. None are defined at this stage. Flags SHOULD be set to zero on transmission and MUST be ignored on receipt. Transform (1 Byte): * Transform = 1 means AH, * Transform = 2 means ESP, or * Transform = 3 means AH+ESP. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 27] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 All other transform values are outside the scope of this document. IPsec Mode (1 byte): * Mode = 1 indicates that the Tunnel Mode is used. * Mode = 2 indicates that the Transport mode is used. All mode values besides 1 and 2 are outside the scope of this document. AH algorithms (1 byte): AH authentication algorithms supported. The values are specified by [IANA-AH]. Each SD-WAN edge node can support multiple authentication algorithms; send to its peers to negotiate the strongest one. ESP algorithms (1 byte): the ESP algorithms supported. Its values are specified by [IANA-ESP]. One SD-WAN edge node can support multiple ESP algorithms and send them to its peers to negotiate the strongest one. The default algorithm is AES-256. When a node supports multiple authentication algorithms, the initial UPDATE needs to include the "Transform Sub-TLV" Rekey Counter (Security Parameter Index)): 4 octet which indicates the count for rekeying. key1 length: is a 1 octet value indicating the IPsec public key 1 length Public Key 1: IPsec public key 1 key2 length: 1 octet value indicating the IPsec public key 2 length Public Key 2: IPsec public key 2 none-length: 1 octet value indicating the Nonce key length Nonce: IPsec Nonce Duration: is a 4 octet value specifying the security association (SA) life span. The units on duration are specified by the deployment of the security association. The operators managing these security association must have common units for Security Asssociation duration. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 28] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 9. Error handling The Error handling for SD-WAN VPN support has two components: error handling for Tunnel Encapsulation signaling (Encaps-EC and TEA) and the SD-WAN NLRI. 9.1. Error handling for the Tunnel Encapsulation Signaling The error handling for the tunnel encapsulation signaling (Encaps-EC and TEA) adheres to the error handling and validation specified by [RFC9012]. The Tunnel encapsulation signaled with the client routes indicates the Egress endpoint via Next Hop in the Encaps-EC or the TEA SubTLV for Tunnel Egress Endpoints. As indicated in sections 5.1 and 5.2, the SD-WAN Hybrid tunnel follows the validation section 6, 8, and 13 from [RFC9012]. The SD-WAN client routes associate the same NLRIs that [RFC9012] associates with the Encaps-EC and the TEA using the validation specified in [RFC9012] in sections 6, 8, and 13. When the SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel is associated with the SD-WAN NLRI, and all RFC9012 validation rules in section 6, 8, and 13 are extended to apply to the SD-WAN NLRI. [RFC9012] contains the necessary detail to specify validation for the new SubTLVs present for the SD-WAN Tunnel type. However, to aid users of this document the following recap of validation of [RFC9012] is provided below. The validation from section 13 of [RFC9012] includes: * Invalid tunnel type must be treat if the TLV was not present. * A malformed subTLVs must be treated as an unrecognized subTLV except for Tunnel Egress Endpoint. If Tunnel Egress Endpoint is malformed, the entire TLV must be ignored. * Multiple incidents of Tunnel Egress Endpoint, Encapsulation, DS, UDP Destination Port, Embedded Label Handling, MPLS Label Stack, Prefixes-SID cause the first incident of these subTLVs to be utilized. Subsequent TLVs after the first one per type are ignored (per RFC9012), but propogated. * If a subTLV is meaningless for a tunnel type, the subTLV is ignored, but the subTLV is not considered malformed or removed from the Tunnel Attribute propagated with the NLRI. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 29] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 For SD-WAN client routes with a TEA with a SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel type, the Extended Port subTLV and the IPSec SubTLVs (IPsec SA-ID, IPSec nonce, IPSec Public Key, IPsec Proposal, and Simplified IPsec SA) are meaningful, but may be rarely sent. For SD-WAN NLRI underlay routes, the the Extended Port subTLV and the IPSec SubTLVs (IPsec SA-ID, IPSec nonce, IPSec Public Key, IPsec Proposal, and Simplified IPsec SA) are valid and meaningful. Incorrect fields within any of these 5 TLVs or subSubTLVs within the TLVs should cause the subTLV to be treated as malformed SubTLV. Per [RFC9012], a malformed subTLV is treated as an unrecognized subTLV. Multiple copies of each SubTLV may be included in a single TLV. 9.2. Error Handling for NLRI The SD-WAN NLRI [AFI 1/SAFI = 74] utilizes a route type field to describe the format of the NLRI. This specification only allows an NLRI with a type value of 1. An NLRI with a type of field of another value is ignored and not processed. The implementation MAY log an error upon a reception of an type value outside of Route Type 1. Error handling for the SD-WAN NLRI also adheres to the BGP Update error handling specified in [RFC7606]. Section 6.1 specifies that Route Type 1 has a tuple of (Port-Local- ID, SD-WAN-Color, SD-WAN-Node-ID). Port-Local-ID may be zero if the NLRI applies to multiple ports. The BGP Peer receiving the NLRI must have pre-configured inbound filters to set the preference for the SD- WAN NLRI tuple. Since a Port-Local-ID value of zero indicates the NLRI applies to multiple ports, it is possible to have the following NLRI within a packet (or received in multiple packets): Port-Local-ID (0), SD-WAN-Color (10), SD-WAN-Node-ID (2.2.2.2), Port-Local-ID (0), SD-WAN-Color (20), SD-WAN-Node-ID (2.2.2.2), and Port-Local-ID (0), SD-WAN-Color (30), SD-WAN-Node-ID (2.2.2.2). These NLRI may simply indicate that there are three groups of tunnels for SD-WAN-Node-ID (2.2.2.2) assigned three colors. For example, these tunnels could represent three types of gold, silver and bronze network service. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 30] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 The local policy configuration in the BGP peer receiving this NLRI must determine the validity of the route based on policy. Local configuration and policy must be carefully constrain the SD-WAN-NLRI, tunnels, and IPsec security associations in to create a "walled garden". In the future, other proposals for a SD-WAN NLRI may specify a different route type. Those proposals must specify the following: validation for new Route Type in the SD-WAN-NLRI, and how the new Route Type interacts with the Route Type 1. 10. Manageability Considerations Unlike MPLS VPN whose PE nodes are all controlled by the network operators, SD-WAN edge nodes can be installed anywhere, in shopping malls, in 3rd party Cloud DCs, etc. It is very important to ensure that client routes advertisement from an SD-WAN edge node are legitimate. The RR needs to ensure the SD- WAN Hybrid Tunnels and routes run over the appropriate Security associations. 10.1. Detecting Misaligned Tunnels It is critical that the Hybrid SD-WAN Tunnel have correctly forward traffic based on the local policy on the client routes, the tunnel egress and tunnel ingress, and the security association. The RR reflector and the BGP peer must check that the client routes, tunnel egress, tunnel ingress, and security associations align with expected values for a tunnel. 10.2. IPsec Attributes Mismatch Each BGP peer (e.g. a C-PE) advertises a SD-WAN SAFI Underlay NLRI to the other BGP peers via a BGP Route Reflector to establish pairwise IPsec Security Associations (SA) between itself and other remote BGP Peers. During the SD-WAN SAFI NLRI advertisement, the BGP Peer originating may pass information about security asssociation in one of three forms: * an identifier for a pre-configured and established IPsec Security Association, Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 31] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 * a simplified set of security parameters for setting up a IPsec Security association (Transform, IPsec Mode, AH and ESP Algorithms, rekey counter, 2 public keys, nonce, and duration of security association), or * a flexible set of security parameters where Nonce, Public Key, and SA Proposal are uniquely specified. For existing IPsec Security associations, the receiving BGP peer can simply utilize one of these existing security associations to pass data. If multiple IPsec associations are pre-configured, the local policy on the SD-WAN Edge Node may may help select which security association is chosen for the SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel. If the receiving and originating BGP peer engage in a set-up for the IPsec security associations for the link within the SD-WAN Hybrid tunnel, IPsec mechansims require that there are matching IPsec transforms. Without common IPsec transforms, the IPsec set-up process cannot operate. 10.2.1. SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel Mechanisms for Passing IPSec Security Association Info The TEA passes in the Tunnel TLV for the SD-WAN Hybrid Tunnel these three sets of information in the following subTLVs: IPsec-SA-ID: passes the previous configured (pre-configured or generated) IPsec SA identifiers. Simplified IPsec SA SubTLV: specifies a simplified set of information upon which to set-up the IPsec security associations for the tunnel. A sequence of the following SubTLVs: IPsec SA Rekey Counter SubTLV, IPsec Public Key SubTLV, and a IPSec Proposal SubTLV. Configuration on the local node uses this information and any information in the underlay to create security associations. The BGP Peer's need to send the IPSec SA attributes received on the SD-WAN NLRI in the TEA between the local and remote WAN ports. If there is a match on the SA Attributes between the two ports, the IPSec Tunnel is established. If there is a mismtach on the SA Attributes, no IPsec Tunnel is established. Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 32] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 The C-PE devices do not try to negotiate the base IPSec-SA parameters between the local and the remote ports in the case of simple IPSec SA exchange or the Transform sets between local and remote ports. If there is a mismatch in the IPsec SA, then no IPsec Tunnel is created. If there is a mismatch on the Transform sets in the case of full-set of IPSec SA Sub-TLVs, no tunnel is created. 10.2.2. Example creation of IPsec Security Association over SD-WAN Hybrid tunnel This section provides one example of how IPsec Security associationes are created over the SD-WAN Hybrid tunnel. Figure 1 in Section 3 shows an establish an IPsec Tunnel being created between C-PE1 and C-PE2 WAN Ports A2 and B2 (A2: 192.10.0.10 - B2:192.0.0.1). To create this tunnel C-PE1 needs to advertise the following attributes for establishing the IPsec SA: * NextHop: 192.10.0.10 * SD-WAN Node ID: 1.1.1.1 * SD-WAN-Site-ID: 15.0.0.2 * Tunnel Encap Attr (Type=SD-WAN) - - Extended Port Attribute Sub-TLV containing o Transport SubSubTLV - with information on ISP3. - IPSec information for detailed information about the ISP3 - IPsec SA Rekey Counter Sub-TLV, - IPsec SA Public Key Sub-TLV, - Proposal Sub-TLV (type = ENCR, transform ID = 1) o type: ENCR o Transform ID: 1 o Tranform attributes = trans 1 [from RFC7296] C-PE2 needs to advertise the following attributes for establishing IPsec SA: Next Hop: 192.0.0.1 Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 33] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 SD-WAN Node ID: 2.2.2.2 SD-WAN-Site-ID: 15.0.0.2 Tunnel Encap Attr (Type=SD-WAN) * Extended Port Attribute SubTLV - Transport SubSubTLV - with information on ISP3. * IPsec SA Rekey Counter Sub-TLV, * IPsec SA Public Key Sub-TLV, * IPSec Proposal Sub-TLV with - transform type: ENCR - Transform ID = 1 - Transform attributes = trans 2 As there is no matching transform between the WAN ports A2 and B2 in C-PE1 and C-PE2, respectively, no IPsec Tunnel will be established. 11. Security Considerations The document describes the encoding for SD-WAN edge nodes to advertise its properties to their peers to its RR, which propagates to the intended peers via untrusted networks. The secure propagation is achieved by secure channels, such as TLS, SSL, or IPsec, between the SD-WAN edge nodes and the local controller RR. SD-WAN edge nodes might not have secure channels with the RR. In this case, BGP connection has be established over IPsec or TLS. This document describes the encoding for SD-WAN edge nodes to advertise their properties to their peers via their respective Route Reflector (RR), which then propagates the information to the intended peers. SD-WAN edge nodes to advertise its properties to their peers via a secure connection (TLS, SSL, or IPsec) to the RR which propagates to the intended peers over a secure connection (TLS, SSL, or IPsec). In a walled garden SD-WAN deployment where all SD-WAN edges and the central controller are under one administrative control and the network operates within a closed environment, the threat model is Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 34] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 primarily on internal threats, misconfigurations, and localized physical risks. Unauthorized physical access to SD-WAN edge devices in remote locations is a concern. Such access might allow attackers to compromise the edge devices and potentially manipulate the advertised Client prefixes with VPN IDs (or Route Targets) that do not belong to them. This can lead to unauthorized data interception and traffic redirection. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure physical security controls are in place at remote locations, including locks, surveillance, and access controls. Additionally, the RR needs to verify the BGP advertisements from each SD-WAN edge to ensure that their advertised VPN IDs (or Route Targets) are truly theirs. This verification helps prevent unauthorized advertisement of prefixes and ensures the integrity of the routing information within the SD-WAN environment. Ensuring secure communication between SD-WAN edge nodes and the central controller within a walled garden deployment is crucial. It is essential to utilize secure communication channels such as TLS or IPsec for all communications between edge nodes and the controller. 12. IANA Considerations 12.1. Hybrid (SD-WAN) Overlay SAFI IANA has assigned SAFI = 74 as the Hybrid (SD-WAN) SAFI. 12.2. Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Type IANA is requested to assign a type from the BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Tunnel Types as follows [RFC8126]: Value Description Reference ----- ------------ --------- 25 SD-WAN-Hybrid (this document) 12.3. Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Sub-TLV Types IANA is requested to assign the following sub-Types in the BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Sub-TLVs registry: Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 35] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 Value Type Description Reference Section ----- ----------------------- ------------- ------- 64 IPSEC-SA-ID Sub-TLV This document 8.1 65 Extended Port Property Sub-TLV This document 7.0 66 Underlay Transport Sub-TLV This document 7.1 67 IPsec SA Rekey Counter Sub-TLV This document 8.2 68 IPsec Public Key Sub-TLV This document 8.3 69 IPsec SA Proposal Sub-TLV This document 8.4 70 Simplified IPsec SA sub-TLV This document 8.5 13. References 13.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, DOI 10.17487/RFC4271, January 2006, . [RFC4360] Sangli, S., Tappan, D., and Y. Rekhter, "BGP Extended Communities Attribute", RFC 4360, DOI 10.17487/RFC4360, February 2006, . [RFC4364] Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, DOI 10.17487/RFC4364, February 2006, . [RFC4456] Bates, T., Chen, E., and R. Chandra, "BGP Route Reflection: An Alternative to Full Mesh Internal BGP (IBGP)", RFC 4456, DOI 10.17487/RFC4456, April 2006, . [RFC4760] Bates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D., and Y. Rekhter, "Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4", RFC 4760, DOI 10.17487/RFC4760, January 2007, . [RFC7296] Kaufman, C., Hoffman, P., Nir, Y., Eronen, P., and T. Kivinen, "Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)", STD 79, RFC 7296, DOI 10.17487/RFC7296, October 2014, . Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 36] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 [RFC7606] Chen, E., Ed., Scudder, J., Ed., Mohapatra, P., and K. Patel, "Revised Error Handling for BGP UPDATE Messages", RFC 7606, DOI 10.17487/RFC7606, August 2015, . [RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC8277] Rosen, E., "Using BGP to Bind MPLS Labels to Address Prefixes", RFC 8277, DOI 10.17487/RFC8277, October 2017, . [RFC8489] Petit-Huguenin, M., Salgueiro, G., Rosenberg, J., Wing, D., Mahy, R., and P. Matthews, "Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 8489, DOI 10.17487/RFC8489, February 2020, . [RFC9012] Patel, K., Van de Velde, G., Sangli, S., and J. Scudder, "The BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute", RFC 9012, DOI 10.17487/RFC9012, April 2021, . 13.2. Informative References [IANA-AH] IANA, "IANA-AH", . [IANA-ESP] IANA, "IANA-ESP", . [Net2Cloud] L. Dunbar, A Malis, C. Jacquenet, M. Toy and K. Majumdar, "Dynamic Networks to Hybrid Cloud DCs: Problem Statement and Mitigation Practice", September 2023, . [RFC5114] Lepinski, M. and S. Kent, "Additional Diffie-Hellman Groups for Use with IETF Standards", RFC 5114, DOI 10.17487/RFC5114, January 2008, . Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 37] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 [RFC5903] Fu, D. and J. Solinas, "Elliptic Curve Groups modulo a Prime (ECP Groups) for IKE and IKEv2", RFC 5903, DOI 10.17487/RFC5903, June 2010, . [RFC9016] Varga, B., Farkas, J., Cummings, R., Jiang, Y., and D. Fedyk, "Flow and Service Information Model for Deterministic Networking (DetNet)", RFC 9016, DOI 10.17487/RFC9016, March 2021, . Appendix A. Acknowledgments Acknowledgements to Wang Haibo, Shunwan Zhuang, Hao Weiguo, and ShengCheng for implementation contribution. Many thanks to Yoav Nir, Graham Bartlett, Jim Guichard, John Scudder, and Donald Eastlake for their review and suggestions. Contributors Below is a list of other contributing authors: * Gyan Mishra, * Shunwan Zhuang, * Sheng Cheng, and * Donald Eastlake. Authors' Addresses Linda Dunbar Futurewei Dallas, TX, United States of America Email: ldunbar@futurewei.com Kausik Majumdar Microsoft Azure California, United States of America Email: kmajumdar@microsoft.com Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 38] Internet-Draft SDWAN Edge Discovery June 2024 Susan Hares Hickory Hill Consulting United States of America Email: shares@ndzh.com Robert Raszuk Arrcus United States of America Email: robert@raszuk.net Venkit Kasiviswanathan Arista United States of America Email: venkit@arista.com Dunbar, et al. Expires 6 December 2024 [Page 39]